Methods for Quantitative Thermal Analysis of Lithium Solid-State and Beyond Battery Safety

Bhargava, Bhuvsmita; Johnson, Nathan Brenner; Bates, Alex Martin; Torres-Castro, Loraine; Albertus, Paul

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ad92e5

Title: Methods for Quantitative Thermal Analysis of Lithium Solid-State and Beyond Battery Safety

Journal Article · 28 November 2024 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad92e5 · OSTI ID:2483391

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Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

The use of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to measure the thermal behavior of individual components and electrolyte/electrode combinations is common. However, here we focus on DSC tests on an anode, cathode, and electrolyte (ACE) component combination over a temperature range that includes many of the phase transitions and key reactions (i.e., to 500 °C) that contribute to thermal runaway. This method can help quantify the complex reaction network in a full cell, thereby informing potential safety issues. Here, we used DSC heat flow data from a solid-state Li_0.43CoO₂+C+PVDF | LLZO | Li metal ACE sample and its components to quantify key factors affecting results. We focused on three areas: (1) ACE sample preparation and assembly in DSC pans, (2) DSC measurement parameters, and (3) heat flow analysis. Key points include the choice of component ratios (e.g., commercially relevant N:P capacity ratio), the importance of conductive carbon and binder, type of pan used, DSC ramp rate, and integration method used when dealing with broad and overlapping exothermic peaks. This work deepens the scientific basis and best practices for obtaining heat flow data from ACE samples for early-stage evaluation of solid-state and beyond battery safety.

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Research Organization:: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Electricity (OE)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003525

OSTI ID:: 2483391

Report Number(s):: SAND--2024-16824J

Journal Information:: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Journal Name: Journal of the Electrochemical Society Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 171; ISSN 0013-4651

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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