Pelletization with Spark Plasma Sintering and Characterization of Metal Iodides: An Assessment of Long-Term Radioiodine Immobilization Options

Oshiro, Jared M.; Fujii Yamagata, Alessandra Lie; Sharma, Saurabh Kumar; Asmussen, R. Matthew; Chong, Saehwa; Riley, Brian J.; Crum, Jarrod V.; Silverstein, Joshua A.; Canfield, Nathan L.; Lian, Jie

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.4c02320

Title: Pelletization with Spark Plasma Sintering and Characterization of Metal Iodides: An Assessment of Long-Term Radioiodine Immobilization Options

Journal Article · 04 November 2024 · Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.4c02320 · OSTI ID:2482011

Oshiro, Jared M. ^[1];

^[1];

^[2];

^[1];

^[1]; Silverstein, Joshua A. ^[1]; Canfield, Nathan L. ^[1];

^[2]

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY (United States)

Four promising iodine “getter” materials (Ag, Cu, Bi, and Sn) for radioiodine capture were assessed in their pure metal-iodide (MI_x) pelletized forms to compare relative chemical durabilities. To study chemical durability, commercial MI_x compounds of AgI, BiI₃, BiOI, CuI, and SnI₄ were converted to dense monolithic pellets using spark plasma sintering. Semidynamic leach testing in the form of modified ASTM C1308 tests was then performed on the pellets in two different forms including unmounted (as-pressed) specimens (i.e., “U”) and epoxy-mounted specimens (i.e., “M”) with polished surfaces. The chemical durability results and sample characterizations showed that three of the five MI_x compounds tested (i.e., AgI, CuI, and BiOI) displayed moderate to high leach resistances. Further, the remaining two MI_x compounds (i.e., BiI₃ and SnI₄), which are both desirable iodine waste forms due to their high iodine loading capacities, readily decomposed during leach testing, indicated by crystallographic changes in the specimens as well as large amounts of iodine detected in the leachate solutions. The instabilities of BiI₃ and SnI₄ raise uncertainties for using the base metals/cations (i.e., Bi⁰/Bi³⁺ and Sn⁰/Sn⁴⁺, respectively) as viable getters for radioiodine capture due to likely poor waste form chemical durabilities after capture and consolidation into waste forms.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E); USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; AR0001615

OSTI ID:: 2482011

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--199799

Journal Information:: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, Journal Name: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research Journal Issue: 46 Vol. 63; ISSN 0888-5885

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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Title: Pelletization with Spark Plasma Sintering and Characterization of Metal Iodides: An Assessment of Long-Term Radioiodine Immobilization Options

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