Role of microstructure on flux expulsion of superconducting radio frequency cavities

Khanal, B. D.; Balachandran, S.; Chetri, S.; Barron, M.; Mullinix, R.; Williams, A.; Xu, P.; Ingrole, A.; Lee, P. J.; Ciovati, G.; Dhakal, P.

doi:10.1088/1361-6668/ad9ad7

Title: Role of microstructure on flux expulsion of superconducting radio frequency cavities

Journal Article · 16 December 2024 · Superconductor Science and Technology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ad9ad7 · OSTI ID:2481412

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Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA (United States)
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL (United States). National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (MagLab)
Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ. Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN (United States)
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA (United States); Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)

The trapped residual magnetic flux during the cool-down due to the incomplete Meissner state is a significant source of radio frequency losses in superconducting radio frequency cavities. Here, in this study, we clearly correlate the niobium microstructure in elliptical cavity geometry and flux expulsion behavior. In particular, a traditionally fabricated Nb cavity half-cell from an annealed poly-crystalline Nb sheet after an 800 °C heat treatment leads to a bi-modal microstructure that ties in with flux trapping and inefficient flux expulsion. This non-uniform microstructure is related to varying strain profiles along the cavity shape. A novel approach to prevent this non-uniform microstructure is presented by fabricating a 1.3 GHz single cell Nb cavity with a cold-worked sheet and subsequent heat treatment leading to better flux expulsion after 800 °C/3 h. Microstructural evolution by electron backscattered diffraction-orientation imaging microscopy on cavity cutouts, and flux pinning behavior by dc-magnetization on coupon samples confirms a reduction in flux pinning centers with increased heat treatment temperature. The heat treatment temperature-dependent mechanical properties and thermal conductivity are reported. The significant impact of cold work in this study demonstrates clear evidence for the importance of the microstructure required for high-performance superconducting cavities with reduced losses caused by magnetic flux trapping.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-06OR23177; SC0009960

OSTI ID:: 2481412

Report Number(s):: DOE/OR/23177-7694; JLAB-ACC--24-4203

Journal Information:: Superconductor Science and Technology, Journal Name: Superconductor Science and Technology Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 38; ISSN 0953-2048

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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