Statistics and sensitivity of axion wind detection with the homogeneous precession domain of superfluid helium-3

Journal Article · 13 December 2024 · Physical Review. D.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.110.115020 · OSTI ID:2481372

Foster, Joshua W. ; Gao, Christina ; Halperin, William ; Kahn, Yonatan ; Mande, Aarav ; Nguyen, Man ; Schütte-Engel, Jan ; Scott, John William

The homogeneous precession domain (HPD) of superfluid ${}^3\mathrm{He}$ has recently been identified as a detection medium which might provide sensitivity to the axion-nucleon coupling $g_{aNN}$ competitive with, or surpassing, existing experimental proposals. In this work, we make a detailed study of the statistical and dynamical properties of the HPD system in order to make realistic projections for a full-fledged experimental program. We include the effects of clock error and measurement error in a concrete readout scheme using superconducting qubits and quantum metrology. This work also provides a more general framework to describe the statistics associated with the axion gradient coupling through the treatment of a transient resonance with a nonstationary background in a time-series analysis. Incorporating an optimal data-taking and analysis strategy, we project a sensitivity approaching $g_{aNN}\sim {10}^{-12}{\mathrm{GeV}}^{-1}$ across a decade in axion mass. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE
• Grant/Contract Number: SC0015655; AC02-07CH11359
• OSTI ID: 2481372
• Journal Information: Physical Review. D., Journal Name: Physical Review. D. Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 110; ISSN PRVDAQ; ISSN 2470-0010
• Publisher: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English