The R-process Alliance: Fifth Data Release from the Search for R-process-enhanced Metal-poor Stars in the Galactic Halo with the GTC

Bandyopadhyay, Avrajit; Ezzeddine, Rana; Allende Prieto, Carlos; Aria, Nima; Shah, Shivani P.; Beers, Timothy C.; Frebel, Anna; Hansen, Terese T.; Holmbeck, Erika M.; Placco, Vinicius M.; Roederer, Ian U.; Sakari, Charli M.

doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ad6f0f

Title: The R-process Alliance: Fifth Data Release from the Search for R-process-enhanced Metal-poor Stars in the Galactic Halo with the GTC

Journal Article · 02 October 2024 · The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad6f0f · OSTI ID:2481031

;

; Aria, Nima;

;

Understanding the abundance pattern of metal-poor stars and the production of heavy elements through various nucleosynthesis processes offers crucial insights into the chemical evolution of the Milky Way, revealing primary sites and major sources of rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) material in the Universe. In this fifth data release from the R-Process Alliance (RPA), we present the detailed chemical abundances of 41 faint (down to V = 15.8) and extremely metal-poor (down to [Fe/H] = -3.3) halo stars selected from the RPA. We obtained high-resolution spectra for these objects with the HORuS spectrograph on the Gran Telescopio Canarias. We measure the abundances of light, α, Fe-peak, and neutron-capture elements. We report the discovery of five carbon-enhanced metal-poor, one limited-r, three r-I, and four r-II stars, and six Mg-poor stars. We also identify one star of a possible globular cluster origin at an extremely low metallicity at [Fe/H] = -3.0. This adds to the growing evidence of a lower-limit metallicity floor for globular cluster abundances. We use the abundances of Fe-peak elements and the α-elements to investigate the contributions from different nucleosynthesis channels in the progenitor supernovae. We find the distribution of [Mg/Eu] as a function of [Fe/H] to have different enrichment levels, indicating different possible pathways and sites of their production. We also reveal differences in the trends of the neutron-capture element abundances of Sr, Ba, and Eu of various r-I and r-II stars from the RPA data releases, which provide constraints on their nucleosynthesis sites and subsequent evolution.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 2481031

Report Number(s):: LLNL--JRNL-2001159

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 274; ISSN 0067-0049

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Multiple Stellar Populations in Globular Clusters Bastian, Nate; Lardo, Carmela Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 56, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-081817-051839	journal	September 2018
Near-Field Cosmology with Extremely Metal-Poor Stars Frebel, Anna; Norris, John E. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 53, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-082214-122423	journal	August 2015
Nucleosynthesis in Stars and the Chemical Enrichment of Galaxies Nomoto, Ken'ichi; Kobayashi, Chiaki; Tominaga, Nozomu Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 51, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-082812-140956	journal	August 2013
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The Discovery and Analysis of Very Metal-Poor Stars in the Galaxy Beers, Timothy C.; Christlieb, Norbert Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 43, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.42.053102.134057	journal	September 2005
Neutron-Capture Elements in the Early Galaxy Sneden, Christopher; Cowan, John J.; Gallino, Roberto Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 46, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145207	journal	September 2008
The Chemical Composition of the Sun Asplund, Martin; Grevesse, Nicolas; Sauval, A. Jacques Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 47, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222	journal	September 2009
DETAILED CHEMICAL ABUNDANCES IN THE r -PROCESS-RICH ULTRA-FAINT DWARF GALAXY RETICULUM 2 Roederer, Ian U.; Mateo, Mario; Iii, John I. Bailey The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 151, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-6256/151/3/82	journal	February 2016
Stellar Yields from Metal-Rich Asymptotic Giant Branch Models Karakas, Amanda I.; Lugaro, Maria The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 825, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/825/1/26	journal	June 2016
Chemical Tagging in the Sdss-Iii/Apogee Survey: new Identifications of halo Stars with Globular Cluster Origins Martell, Sarah L.; Shetrone, Matthew D.; Lucatello, Sara The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 825, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/825/2/146	journal	July 2016
COMPLETE ELEMENT ABUNDANCES OF NINE STARS IN THE r -PROCESS GALAXY RETICULUM II Ji, Alexander P.; Frebel, Anna; Simon, Joshua D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 830, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/830/2/93	journal	October 2016
The Intermediate Neutron-Capture Process and Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars Hampel, Melanie; Stancliffe, Richard J.; Lugaro, Maria The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 831, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/831/2/171	journal	November 2016
Observational Constraints on First-Star Nucleosynthesis. i. Evidence for Multiple Progenitors of Cemp-No Stars Yoon, Jinmi; Beers, Timothy C.; Placco, Vinicius M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 833, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/833/1/20	journal	December 2016
Spectroscopic Validation of Low-metallicity Stars from RAVE Placco, Vinicius M.; Beers, Timothy C.; Santucci, Rafael M. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 155, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aac20c	journal	May 2018
Kinematics of Highly r -process-enhanced Field Stars: Evidence for an Accretion Origin and Detection of Several Groups from Disrupted Satellites Roederer, Ian U.; Hattori, Kohei; Valluri, Monica The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 156, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aadd9c	journal	October 2018
A NEW GENERATION OF `PARSEC` - `COLIBRI` STELLAR ISOCHRONES INCLUDING THE TP-AGB PHASE Marigo, Paola; Girardi, Léo; Bressan, Alessandro The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 835, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/835/1/77	journal	January 2017
Ultra-metal-poor Stars: Spectroscopic Determination of Stellar Atmospheric Parameters Using Iron Non-LTE Line Abundances Ezzeddine, Rana; Frebel, Anna; Plez, Bertrand The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 847, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa8875	journal	October 2017
The Origin of r -process Elements in the Milky Way Côté, Benoit; Fryer, Chris L.; Belczynski, Krzysztof The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 855, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaad67	journal	March 2018
Evidence for a Sub-Chandrasekhar-mass Type Ia Supernova in the Ursa Minor Dwarf Galaxy McWilliam, Andrew; Piro, Anthony L.; Badenes, Carles The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 857, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aab772	journal	April 2018
The R -process Alliance: First Release from the Southern Search for R -process-enhanced Stars in the Galactic Halo Hansen, Terese T.; Holmbeck, Erika M.; Beers, Timothy C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 858, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aabacc	journal	May 2018
Chemical Composition of Two Bright, Extremely Metal-poor Stars from the SDSS MARVELS Pre-survey Bandyopadhyay, Avrajit; Sivarani, Thirupathi; Susmitha, Antony The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 859, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aabe80	journal	May 2018
Galactic Archeology with the AEGIS Survey: The Evolution of Carbon and Iron in the Galactic Halo Yoon, Jinmi; Beers, Timothy C.; Dietz, Sarah The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 861, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaccea	journal	July 2018
The R -Process Alliance: Chemical Abundances for a Trio of r -process-enhanced Stars—One Strong, One Moderate, and One Mild Cain, Madelyn; Frebel, Anna; Gull, Maude The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 864, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad37d	journal	August 2018
The R -Process Alliance: First Release from the Northern Search for r -process-enhanced Metal-poor Stars in the Galactic Halo Sakari, Charli M.; Placco, Vinicius M.; Farrell, Elizabeth M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 868, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae9df	journal	November 2018
Neutron Star Mergers are the Dominant Source of the r -process in the Early Evolution of Dwarf Galaxies Duggan, Gina E.; Kirby, Evan N.; Andrievsky, Serge M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaeb8e	journal	December 2018
The R-Process Alliance: Spectroscopic Follow-up of Low-metallicity Star Candidates from the Best & Brightest Survey Placco, Vinicius M.; Santucci, Rafael M.; Beers, Timothy C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 870, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf3b9	journal	January 2019
Neutron Star Mergers Might Not Be the Only Source of r -process Elements in the Milky Way Côté, Benoit; Eichler, Marius; Arcones, Almudena The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab10db	journal	April 2019
High-resolution Optical Spectroscopy of Stars in the Sylgr Stellar Stream Roederer, Ian U.; Gnedin, Oleg Y. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab365c	journal	September 2019
Enrichment of Strontium in Dwarf Galaxies Hirai, Yutaka; Wanajo, Shinya; Saitoh, Takayuki R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4654	journal	October 2019
Chemical Cartography. II. The Assembly History of the Galactic Stellar Halo Traced by Carbon-enhanced Metal-poor Stars Lee, Young Sun; Beers, Timothy C.; Kim, Young Kwang The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4791	journal	November 2019
Detailed Iron-peak Element Abundances in Three Very Metal-poor Stars Cowan, John J.; Sneden, Christopher; Roederer, Ian U. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 890, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab6aa9	journal	February 2020
The R -process Alliance: The Peculiar Chemical Abundance Pattern of RAVE J183013.5−455510 Placco, Vinicius M.; Santucci, Rafael M.; Yuan, Zhen The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 897, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab99c6	journal	July 2020
Abundance Analysis of New r-process-enhanced Stars from the HESP–GOMPA Survey Bandyopadhyay, Avrajit; Sivarani, Thirupathi; Beers, Timothy C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 899, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab9c9d	journal	August 2020
The R -Process Alliance: First Magellan/MIKE Release from the Southern Search for R -process-enhanced Stars Ezzeddine, Rana; Rasmussen, Kaitlin; Frebel, Anna The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 898, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab9d1a	journal	August 2020
The Origin of Elements from Carbon to Uranium Kobayashi, Chiaki; Karakas, Amanda I.; Lugaro, Maria The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 900, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abae65	journal	September 2020
Collapsar R-process Yields Can Reproduce [Eu/Fe] Abundance Scatter in Metal-poor Stars Brauer, Kaley; Ji, Alexander P.; Drout, Maria R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 915, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac00b2	journal	July 2021
The Cosmic Carbon Footprint of Massive Stars Stripped in Binary Systems Farmer, R.; Laplace, E.; de Mink, S. E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 923, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2f44	journal	December 2021
Production of Very Light Elements and Strontium in the Early Ejecta of Neutron Star Mergers Perego, Albino; Vescovi, Diego; Fiore, Achille The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 925, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac3751	journal	January 2022
Li Distribution, Kinematics, and Detailed Abundance Analysis among Very Metal-poor Stars in the Galactic Halo from the HESP-GOMPA Survey Bandyopadhyay, Avrajit; Sivarani, Thirupathi; Beers, Timothy C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 937, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac8b0f	journal	September 2022
Lanthanide Features in Near-infrared Spectra of Kilonovae Domoto, Nanae; Tanaka, Masaomi; Kato, Daiji The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 939, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac8c36	journal	October 2022
Iron-peak Element Abundances in Warm Very Metal-poor Stars Sneden, Christopher; Boesgaard, Ann Merchant; Cowan, John J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 953, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/accd62	journal	July 2023
Total r-process Yields of Milky Way Neutron Star Mergers Holmbeck, Erika M.; Andrews, Jeff J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 963, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e52	journal	March 2024
JINAbase—A Database for Chemical Abundances of Metal-poor Stars Abohalima, Abdu; Frebel, Anna The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 238, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aadfe9	journal	October 2018
The R -Process Alliance: Fourth Data Release from the Search for R -process-enhanced Stars in the Galactic Halo Holmbeck, Erika M.; Hansen, Terese T.; Beers, Timothy C. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 249, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab9c19	journal	August 2020
The R-process Alliance: A Nearly Complete R-process Abundance Template Derived from Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the R-process-enhanced Metal-poor Star HD 222925* Roederer, Ian U.; Lawler, James E.; Den Hartog, Elizabeth A. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 260, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac5cbc	journal	June 2022
The Intermediate r-process in Core-collapse Supernovae Driven by the Magneto-rotational Instability Nishimura (西村信, N.; Sawai (澤井秀, H.; Takiwaki (滝脇知, T. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 836, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa5dee	journal	February 2017
Estimating the Contribution of Dynamical Ejecta in the Kilonova Associated with GW170817 Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 850, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9478	journal	December 2017
The Lithium Test for Multiple Populations in Globular Clusters: Lithium in NGC 2808 D’Antona, Francesca; Ventura, Paolo; Marino, Anna Fabiola The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 871, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aafbec	journal	January 2019
Early Solar System r -process Abundances Limit Collapsar Origin Bartos, I.; Márka, S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab3215	journal	August 2019
Chemical Diagnostics to Unveil Environments Enriched by First Stars Vanni, Irene; Salvadori, Stefania; D’Odorico, Valentina The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 967, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad46fa	journal	May 2024
Linemake: An Atomic and Molecular Line List Generator Placco, Vinicius M.; Sneden, Christopher; Roederer, Ian U. Research Notes of the AAS, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/abf651	journal	April 2021

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