Review of nonflow estimation methods and uncertainties in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Feng, Yicheng; Wang, Fuqiang

doi:10.1088/1361-6471/ad903b

Title: Review of nonflow estimation methods and uncertainties in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Journal Article · 08 December 2024 · Journal of Physics. G, Nuclear and Particle Physics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/ad903b · OSTI ID:2480757

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Abstract Collective anisotropic flow, where particles are correlated over the entire event, is a prominent phenomenon in relativistic heavy-ion collisions and is sensitive to the properties of the matter created in those collisions. It is often measured by two- and multi-particle correlations and is therefore contaminated by nonflow, those genuine few-body correlations unrelated to the global event-wise correlations. Many methods have been devised to estimate nonflow contamination with various degrees of successes and difficulties. Here, we review those methods pedagogically, discussing the pros and cons of each method, and give examples of ballpark estimate of nonflow contamination and associated uncertainties in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We hope such a review of the various nonflow estimation methods in a single place would prove helpful to future researches.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012910

OSTI ID:: 2480757

Journal Information:: Journal of Physics. G, Nuclear and Particle Physics, Journal Name: Journal of Physics. G, Nuclear and Particle Physics Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 52; ISSN 0954-3899

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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Measurement of longitudinal flow decorrelations in Pb+Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{\text {NN}}}=2.76$$ s NN = 2.76 and 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector Aaboud, M.; Aad, G.; Abbott, B. The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 78, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-5605-7	journal	February 2018
Opacity dependence of elliptic flow in kinetic theory Kurkela, Aleksi; Wiedemann, Urs Achim; Wu, Bin The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 79, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7262-x	journal	September 2019
Jet Quenching and Radiative Energy Loss in Dense Nuclear Matter Gyulassy, Miklos; Vitev, Ivan; Wang, Xin-Nian Quark–Gluon Plasma 3 https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812795533_0003	book	January 2004
Observation of a Ridge Correlation Structure in high Multiplicity Proton–Proton Collisions: a Brief Review Li, Wei Modern Physics Letters A, Vol. 27, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217732312300182	journal	June 2012
Hydrodynamic Modeling of Heavy-Ion Collisions Gale, Charles; Jeon, Sangyong; Schenke, BjÖRn International Journal of Modern Physics A, Vol. 28, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X13400113	journal	April 2013
Novel collective phenomena in high-energy proton–proton and proton–nucleus collisions Dusling, Kevin; Li, Wei; Schenke, Björn International Journal of Modern Physics E, Vol. 25, Issue 01 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218301316300022	journal	January 2016
Small System Collectivity in Relativistic Hadronic and Nuclear Collisions Nagle, James L.; Zajc, William A. Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 68, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101916-123209	journal	October 2018
Collective Flow and Viscosity in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions Heinz, Ulrich; Snellings, Raimond Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 63, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102212-170540	journal	October 2013
First Results from Pb+Pb Collisions at the LHC Müller, Berndt; Schukraft, Jürgen; Wysłouch, Bolesław Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 62, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102711-094910	journal	November 2012
Collective flow in Heavy-Ion Collisions Reisdorf, W.; Ritter, H. G. Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 47, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nucl.47.1.663	journal	December 1997
Energy Loss in Perturbative QCD Baier, R.; Schiff, D.; Zakharov, B. G. Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 50, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nucl.50.1.37	journal	December 2000
Hydrodynamic Models for Heavy Ion Collisions Huovinen, P.; Ruuskanen, P. V. Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 56, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nucl.54.070103.181236	journal	November 2006
FEMTOSCOPY IN RELATIVISTIC HEAVY ION COLLISIONS: Two Decades of Progress Lisa, Michael Annan; Pratt, Scott; Soltz, Ron Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 55, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nucl.55.090704.151533	journal	December 2005

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