Single-Layer Graphene Sandwiched between Proton-Exchange Membranes for Selective Proton Transmission

Bukola, Saheed; Beard, Kyle; Korzeniewski, Carol; Harris, Joel M.; Creager, Stephen E.

doi:10.1021/acsanm.8b02270

Title: Single-Layer Graphene Sandwiched between Proton-Exchange Membranes for Selective Proton Transmission

Journal Article · 15 January 2019 · ACS Applied Nano Materials

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.8b02270 · OSTI ID:2480561

^[1]; Beard, Kyle ^[2];

^[3];

^[4];

^[2]

Clemson University, SC (United States); University of Utah
Clemson University, SC (United States)
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX (United States); University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)
University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)

Proton transmission through single-layer CVD graphene in graphene/proton-exchange-membrane (PEM) sandwich structures is found to be more than 100 times faster than for any other cation. Ion transmission rates were measured for protons and a series of other cations including Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺, and NH₄⁺ using a four-electrode method in which two platinum electrodes drive ionic current through the membrane and two reference electrodes installed in Luggin capillaries sense the transmembrane potential difference induced by the forced ion flow. Characterization studies including confocal Raman microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for graphene on Nafion, and defect visualization by etching through defects for graphene on copper, are also reported. All findings are consistent with a defect-based mechanism for transmission through graphene of all cations except protons, which likely follow a different mechanism, perhaps involving high-rate transmission through sites at which transmission of other ions is forbidden. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was also used to study ion transmission rates through graphene in PEM sandwich structures. EIS gave much lower resistances for ion transmission through graphene than were obtained using the four-electrode method. Here, this latter finding is thought to reflect a capacitive coupling of mobile ions with/through graphene at the high frequencies (up to 100 kHz) used in the EIS measurement. Near-steady-state dc methods are thus necessary to evaluate true ion transmission rates through graphene.

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Research Organization:: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division (CSGB)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG03-93ER14333; SC0018151

OSTI ID:: 2480561

Journal Information:: ACS Applied Nano Materials, Journal Name: ACS Applied Nano Materials Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 2; ISSN 2574-0970

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
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Title: Single-Layer Graphene Sandwiched between Proton-Exchange Membranes for Selective Proton Transmission

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