Influence of Carbon-Nitride Dot-Emitting Species and Evolution on Fluorescence-Based Sensing and Differentiation

Westphal, Eric Robert; Plackowski, Kenneth Michael; Holzmann, Michael Josef; Outka, Alexandra M.; Chen, Dongchang; Ghosh, Koushik; Grey, John K.

doi:10.1021/acssensors.4c01198

Title: Influence of Carbon-Nitride Dot-Emitting Species and Evolution on Fluorescence-Based Sensing and Differentiation

Journal Article · 18 October 2024 · ACS Sensors

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.4c01198 · OSTI ID:2480415

^[1]; Plackowski, Kenneth Michael ^[2]; Holzmann, Michael Josef ^[2]; Outka, Alexandra M. ^[3]; Chen, Dongchang ^[3];

^[1];

^[1]

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Carbon dots have attracted widespread interest for sensing applications based on their low cost, ease of synthesis, and robust optical properties. We investigate structure–function evolution on multiemitter fluorescence patterns for model carbon-nitride dots (CNDs) and their implications on trace-level sensing. Hydrothermally synthesized CNDs with different reaction times were used to determine how specific functionalities and their corresponding fluorescence signatures respond upon the addition of trace-level analytes. Archetype explosives molecules were chosen as a testbed due to similarities in substituent groups or inductive properties (i.e., electron withdrawing), and solution-based assays were performed using ratiometric fluorescence excitation–emission mapping (EEM). Analyte-specific quenching and enhancement responses were observed in EEM landscapes that varied with the CND reaction time. We then used self-organizing map models to examine EEM feature clustering with specific analytes. Finally, the results reveal that interactions between carbon-nitride frameworks and molecular-like species dictate response characteristics that may be harnessed to tailor sensor development for specific applications.

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Research Organization:: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003525

OSTI ID:: 2480415

Report Number(s):: SAND--2024-16543J

Journal Information:: ACS Sensors, Journal Name: ACS Sensors Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 9; ISSN 2379-3694

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
analyte-specific response patterns
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multidimensional detection
multiemitter fluorescence
self-organizing map

Title: Influence of Carbon-Nitride Dot-Emitting Species and Evolution on Fluorescence-Based Sensing and Differentiation

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