Effect of viral infection on the ice nucleation efficiency of marine coccolithophores

Alsante, Alyssa; Thornton, Daniel C.O.; Brooks, Sarah D.; Mirrielees, Jessica; Wilbourn, Elise K.; Matthews, Brianna H.; Diaz, Ben P.; Bidle, Kay

doi:10.1080/02786826.2024.2420675

Title: Effect of viral infection on the ice nucleation efficiency of marine coccolithophores

Journal Article · 21 November 2024 · Aerosol Science and Technology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2024.2420675 · OSTI ID:2480008

^[1]; Thornton, Daniel C.O. ^[2]; Brooks, Sarah D. ^[2]; Mirrielees, Jessica ^[2]; Wilbourn, Elise K. ^[2]; Matthews, Brianna H. ^[2]; Diaz, Ben P. ^[3]; Bidle, Kay ^[3]

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, NJ (United States)

A marine coccolithophore (Emiliania huxleyi) and coccolithovirus (EhV-207) were grown together in a marine aerosol reference tank (MART) to investigate how the viral lysis of phytoplankton affects the formation of immersion mode ice nucleating particles (INPs) in sea spray aerosol (SSA). The mean ice nucleation temperatures of SSA produced during viral infection were slightly lower (–28.5 °C) than pre-viral infection (–27.5 °C). Ice nucleation temperatures were relatively low, indicating that organic matter from E. huxleyi is less effective as an INP than phytoplankton examined in previous studies. E. huxleyi is covered in calcium carbonate coccoliths and contains high intracellular concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). The ice nucleation efficiencies of purified components were measured to better understand this model system. Purified coccoliths were moderately effective INPs (–25.3 ± 0.4 °C at 5 x 10² mg L^-1 (mean ±pooled SD)) that showed a concentration effect, with lower freezing temperatures at lower concentrations. Coccoliths and DMSP were both weakly efficient INPs. In comparison, purified phytoplankton viruses (EhV-207 and CtenRNAV-01) infecting coccolithophores and diatoms, respectively, did not affect freezing at temperatures warmer than the procedural blank. Our results suggest that E. huxleyi, in contrast to diatoms and cyanobacteria, is not a significant source of immersion mode INPs to the marine atmosphere, despite its broad distribution in the global ocean and large-scale bloom formation.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 2480008

Journal Information:: Aerosol Science and Technology, Journal Name: Aerosol Science and Technology Vol. 59; ISSN 0278-6826

Publisher:: Taylor & FrancisCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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