Angular fractals in thermal QFT

Benjamin, Nathan; Lee, Jaeha; Pal, Sridip; Simmons-Duffin, David; Xu, Yixin

doi:10.1007/jhep11(2024)134

Title: Angular fractals in thermal QFT

Journal Article · 25 November 2024 · Journal of High Energy Physics (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep11(2024)134 · OSTI ID:2479605

^[1];

^[2];

^[2]; Xu, Yixin ^[2]

California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States); University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)

We show that thermal effective field theory controls the long-distance expansion of the partition function of a d-dimensional QFT, with an insertion of any finite-order spatial isometry. Consequently, the thermal partition function on a sphere displays a fractal-like structure as a function of angular twist, reminiscent of the behavior of a modular form near the real line. As an example application, we find that for CFTs, the effective free energy of even-spin minus odd-spin operators at high temperature is smaller than the usual free energy by a factor of 1/2^d. Near certain rational angles, the partition function receives subleading contributions from “Kaluza-Klein vortex defects” in the thermal EFT, which we classify. We illustrate our results with examples in free and holographic theories, and also discuss nonperturbative corrections from worldline instantons.

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Research Organization:: California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0011632

OSTI ID:: 2479605

Journal Information:: Journal of High Energy Physics (Online), Journal Name: Journal of High Energy Physics (Online) Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 2024; ISSN 1029-8479

Publisher:: Springer NatureCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Angular fractals in thermal QFT

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