Deep drilling in the time domain with DECam – II: characterizing the light curves of candidates in the extragalactic fields

Graham, Melissa L.; Rollins, Midori; Knop, Robert A.; Dhawan, Suhail; Fonseca Alvarez, Gloria; Phillips, Christopher A.; Nir, Guy; Ramey, Emily; Nugent, Peter E.

doi:10.1093/mnras/stae2533

Title: Deep drilling in the time domain with DECam – II: characterizing the light curves of candidates in the extragalactic fields

Journal Article · 10 November 2024 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2533 · OSTI ID:2478956

; Rollins, Midori; Knop, Robert A.;

; Fonseca Alvarez, Gloria; Phillips, Christopher A.; Nir, Guy; Ramey, Emily; Nugent, Peter E.

ABSTRACT In this second paper on the DECam deep-drilling field (DDF) program, we release 2020 optical $gri$-band light curves for transients and variables in the extragalactic COSMOS and ELAIS fields based on time series observations with a 3-d cadence from semester 2021A through 2023A. In order to demonstrate the wide variety of time domain events detected by the program and encourage others to use the data set, we characterize the sample by presenting a brief analysis of the light-curve parameters such as time span, amplitude, and peak brightness. We also present preliminary light-curve categorizations, and identify potential stellar variables, active galactic nuclei, tidal disruption events, supernovae (SNe) (such as Type Ia, Type IIP, superluminous, and gravitationally lensed SNe), and fast transients. Where relevant, the number of identified transients is compared to the predictions of the original proposal. We also discuss the challenges of analyzing DDF data in the context of the upcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory and its Legacy Survey of Space and Time, which will include DDFs. Images from the Dark Energy Camera DDF program are available without proprietary period and the light curves presented in this work are publicly available for analysis.

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 2478956

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 535; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

References (71)

Optical-Ultraviolet Tidal Disruption Events van Velzen, Sjoert; Holoien, Thomas W. -S.; Onori, Francesca Space Science Reviews, Vol. 216, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00753-z	journal	October 2020
Reverberation mapping of active galactic nuclei: From X-ray corona to dusty torus Cackett, Edward M.; Bentz, Misty C.; Kara, Erin iScience, Vol. 24, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102557	journal	June 2021
An ultraviolet–optical flare from the tidal disruption of a helium-rich stellar core Gezari, S.; Chornock, R.; Rest, A. Nature, Vol. 485, Issue 7397 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10990	journal	May 2012
Author Correction: Uncovering a population of gravitational lens galaxies with magnified standard candle SN Zwicky Goobar, Ariel; Johansson, Joel; Schulze, Steve Nature Astronomy, Vol. 7, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-023-02034-5	journal	June 2023
Photometric and spectroscopic diversity of Type II supernovae Hillier, Desmond John; Dessart, Luc Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 631 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935100	journal	October 2019
AT 2020wey and the class of faint and fast tidal disruption events Charalampopoulos, P.; Pursiainen, M.; Leloudas, G. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 673 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202245065	journal	May 2023
The Supernova Legacy Survey: measurement of $\Omega_{\mathsf{M}}$, $\Omega_\mathsf{\Lambda}$ and w from the first year data set Astier, P.; Guy, J.; Regnault, N. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 447, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20054185	journal	January 2006
The ESO-Spitzer Imaging extragalactic Survey (ESIS): I. WFI B , V , R deep observations of ELAIS-S1 and comparison to Spitzer and GALEX data Berta, S.; Rubele, S.; Franceschini, A. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 451, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20054548	journal	May 2006
SALT2: using distant supernovae to improve the use of type Ia supernovae as distance indicators Guy, J.; Astier, P.; Baumont, S. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 466, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20066930	journal	February 2007
The VizieR database of astronomical catalogues Ochsenbein, F.; Bauer, P.; Marcout, J. Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, Vol. 143, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1051/aas:2000169	journal	April 2000
The SIMBAD astronomical database: The CDS reference database for astronomical objects Wenger, M.; Ochsenbein, F.; Egret, D. Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, Vol. 143, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1051/aas:2000332	journal	April 2000
The Rise Time of Nearby Type I[CLC]a[/CLC] Supernovae Riess, Adam G.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Li, Weidong The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 118, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1086/301143	journal	December 1999
Maps of Dust Infrared Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Foregrounds Schlegel, David J.; Finkbeiner, Douglas P.; Davis, Marc The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 500, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/305772	journal	June 1998
K ‐Corrections and Extinction Corrections for Type Ia Supernovae Nugent, Peter; Kim, Alex; Perlmutter, Saul Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 114, Issue 798 https://doi.org/10.1086/341707	journal	August 2002
Discovery of Two Distant Type Ia Supernovae in the Hubble Deep Field–North with the Advanced Camera for Surveys Blakeslee, John P.; Tsvetanov, Zlatan I.; Riess, Adam G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 589, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/374797	journal	June 2003
A V ‐Band Survey for Variable Galactic Nuclei in the Hubble Deep Field Sarajedini, Vicki L.; Gilliland, Ronald L.; Kasm, Christina The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 599, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/379168	journal	December 2003
The Ensemble Photometric Variability of ∼25,000 Quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Vanden Berk, Daniel E.; Wilhite, Brian C.; Kron, Richard G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 601, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/380563	journal	February 2004
Twenty‐Three High‐Redshift Supernovae from the Institute for Astronomy Deep Survey: Doubling the Supernova Sample at z > 0.7 Barris, Brian J.; Tonry, John L.; Blondin, Stephane The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 602, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/381122	journal	February 2004
The Hubble Higher z Supernova Search: Supernovae to z ≈ 1.6 and Constraints on Type Ia Progenitor Models Strolger, Louis‐Gregory; Riess, Adam G.; Dahlen, Tomas The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 613, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/422901	journal	September 2004
Photometric Selection of High-Redshift Type Ia Supernova Candidates Sullivan, M.; Howell, D. A.; Perrett, K. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 131, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/499302	journal	February 2006
The Deepest Supernova Search is Realized in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey Strolger, Louis-Gregory; Riess, Adam G. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 131, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1086/500047	journal	March 2006
The Rise Time of Type Ia Supernovae from the Supernova Legacy Survey Conley, A.; Howell, D. A.; Howes, A. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 132, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1086/507788	journal	September 2006
The First Release COSMOS Optical and Near‐IR Data and Catalog Capak, P.; Aussel, H.; Ajiki, M. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 172, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/519081	journal	September 2007
SN 2005ap: A Most Brilliant Explosion Quimby, Robert M.; Aldering, Greg; Wheeler, J. Craig The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 668, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/522862	journal	October 2007
The Difference Imaging Pipeline for the Transient Search in the dark Energy Survey Kessler, R.; Marriner, J.; Childress, M. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 150, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/150/6/172	journal	November 2015
IMPROVED DARK ENERGY CONSTRAINTS FROM ∼100 NEW CfA SUPERNOVA TYPE Ia LIGHT CURVES Hicken, Malcolm; Wood-Vasey, W. Michael; Blondin, Stephane The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 700, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/700/2/1097	journal	July 2009
Seeing the Collision of a Supernova with its Companion star Kasen, Daniel The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 708, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1025	journal	December 2009
FIRST RESULTS FROM Pan-STARRS1: FAINT, HIGH PROPER MOTION WHITE DWARFS IN THE MEDIUM-DEEP FIELDS Tonry, J. L.; Stubbs, C. W.; Kilic, M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 745, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/745/1/42	journal	December 2011
INTERACTING SUPERNOVAE AND SUPERNOVA IMPOSTORS: SN 2009ip, IS THIS THE END? Pastorello, A.; Cappellaro, E.; Inserra, C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 767, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/767/1/1	journal	March 2013
CHARACTERIZING THE V -BAND LIGHT-CURVES OF HYDROGEN-RICH TYPE II SUPERNOVAE Anderson, Joseph P.; González-Gaitán, Santiago; Hamuy, Mario The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 786, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/786/1/67	journal	April 2014
CLUES TO THE NATURE OF SN 2009ip FROM PHOTOMETRIC AND SPECTROSCOPIC EVOLUTION TO LATE TIMES Graham, M. L.; Sand, D. J.; Valenti, S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 787, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/787/2/163	journal	May 2014
Rapidly Evolving and Luminous Transients from Pan-Starrs1 Drout, M. R.; Chornock, R.; Soderberg, A. M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 794, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/794/1/23	journal	September 2014
TOWARD CHARACTERIZATION OF THE TYPE IIP SUPERNOVA PROGENITOR POPULATION: A STATISTICAL SAMPLE OF LIGHT CURVES FROM Pan-STARRS1 Sanders, N. E.; Soderberg, A. M.; Gezari, S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 799, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/799/2/208	journal	January 2015
The Advanced Camera for Surveys General Catalog: Structural Parameters for Approximately half a Million Galaxies Griffith, Roger L.; Cooper, Michael C.; Newman, Jeffrey A. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 200, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/200/1/9	journal	May 2012
THE SPITZER MID-INFRARED ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS SURVEY. I. OPTICAL AND NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF OBSCURED CANDIDATES AND NORMAL ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI SELECTED IN THE MID-INFRARED Lacy, M.; Ridgway, S. E.; Gates, E. L. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 208, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/208/2/24	journal	September 2013
ATLAS: A High-cadence All-sky Survey System Tonry, J. L.; Denneau, L.; Heinze, A. N. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 130, Issue 988 https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/aabadf	journal	May 2018
Presto-Color: A Photometric Survey Cadence for Explosive Physics and Fast Transients Bianco, Federica B.; Drout, Maria R.; Graham, Melissa L. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 131, Issue 1000 https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/ab121a	journal	April 2019
Caltech Core-Collapse Project (Cccp) Observations of type ii Supernovae: Evidence for Three Distinct Photometric Subtypes Arcavi, Iair; Gal-Yam, Avishay; Cenko, S. Bradley The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 756, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/756/2/L30	journal	August 2012
Deep drilling in the time domain with DECam: survey characterization Graham, Melissa L.; Knop, Robert A.; Kennedy, Thomas D. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 519, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3363	journal	November 2022
The unprecedented 2012 outburst of SN 2009ip: a luminous blue variable star becomes a true supernova Mauerhan, Jon C.; Smith, Nathan; Filippenko, Alexei V. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 430, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt009	journal	February 2013
ASASSN-14ae: a tidal disruption event at 200 Mpc Holoien, T. W. -S.; Prieto, J. L.; Bersier, D. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 445, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1922	journal	October 2014
The rising light curves of Type Ia supernovae Firth, R. E.; Sullivan, M.; Gal-Yam, A. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 446, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu2314	journal	December 2014
Supernovae in the Subaru Deep Field: an initial sample and Type Ia rate out to redshift 1.6: Supernovae in the SDF Poznanski, D.; Maoz, D.; Yasuda, N. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 382, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12424.x	journal	November 2007
Nearby supernova rates from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search - II. The observed luminosity functions and fractions of supernovae in a complete sample: Nearby supernova rates from LOSS - II Li, Weidong; Leaman, Jesse; Chornock, Ryan Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 412, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18160.x	journal	March 2011
The Dark Energy Camera (DECam) DePoy, D. L.; Abbott, T.; Annis, J. SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.789466	conference	August 2008
Detection of a Red Supergiant Progenitor Star of a Type II-Plateau Supernova Smartt, S. J. Science, Vol. 303, Issue 5657 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1092967	journal	January 2004
iPTF16geu: A multiply imaged, gravitationally lensed type Ia supernova Goobar, A.; Amanullah, R.; Kulkarni, S. R. Science, Vol. 356, Issue 6335 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal2729	journal	April 2017
The Most Luminous Supernovae Gal-Yam, Avishay Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 57, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-081817-051819	journal	August 2019
Gaia EDR3 Collaboration, Gaia Centre de Donnees Strasbourg (CDS) https://doi.org/10.26093/cds/vizier.1350	dataset	January 2020
Exploring the Potential Diversity of Early type ia Supernova Light Curves Piro, Anthony L.; Morozova, Viktoriya S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 826, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/826/1/96	journal	July 2016
THE COSMOS2015 CATALOG: EXPLORING THE 1 < z < 6 UNIVERSE WITH HALF A MILLION GALAXIES Laigle, C.; McCracken, H. J.; Ilbert, O. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 224, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/0067-0049/224/2/24	journal	June 2016
A Study of Quasar Selection in the Supernova Fields of the Dark Energy Survey Tie, S. S.; Martini, P.; Mudd, D. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 153, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aa5b8d	journal	February 2017
Overview of the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys Dey, Arjun; Schlegel, David J.; Lang, Dustin The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 157, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab089d	journal	April 2019
ParSNIP: Generative Models of Transient Light Curves with Physics-enabled Deep Learning Boone, Kyle The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 162, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac2a2d	journal	December 2021
Revisiting Optical Tidal Disruption Events with iPTF16axa Hung, T.; Gezari, S.; Blagorodnova, N. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 842, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa7337	journal	June 2017
LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products Ivezić, Željko; Kahn, Steven M.; Tyson, J. Anthony The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 873, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab042c	journal	March 2019
The Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility Phase I Survey. I. Light Curves and Measurements Chen, Z. H.; Yan, Lin; Kangas, T. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 943, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca161	journal	January 2023
Connecting Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuation Distances to Type Ia Supernova Hosts: Testing the Top Rung of the Distance Ladder Garnavich, Peter; Wood, Charlotte M.; Milne, Peter The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 953, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace04b	journal	August 2023
Rates and Properties of Supernovae Strongly Gravitationally Lensed by Elliptical Galaxies in Time-domain Imaging Surveys Goldstein, Daniel A.; Nugent, Peter E.; Goobar, Ariel The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 243, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab1fe0	journal	July 2019
The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra Ahumada, Romina; Prieto, Carlos Allende; Almeida, Andrés The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 249, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab929e	journal	June 2020
Optimization of the Observing Cadence for the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time: A Pioneering Process of Community-focused Experimental Design Bianco, Federica B.; Ivezić, Željko; Jones, R. Lynne The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 258, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac3e72	journal	December 2021
HOW TO FIND GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE Goldstein, Daniel A.; Nugent, Peter E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 834, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/834/1/L5	journal	December 2016
Early Blue Excess from the Type Ia Supernova 2017cbv and Implications for Its Progenitor Hosseinzadeh, Griffin; Sand, David J.; Valenti, Stefano The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 845, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa8402	journal	August 2017
The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. II. UV, Optical, and Near-infrared Light Curves and Comparison to Kilonova Models Cowperthwaite, P. S.; Berger, E.; Villar, V. A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 848, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa8fc7	journal	October 2017
K2 Observations of SN 2018oh Reveal a Two-component Rising Light Curve for a Type Ia Supernova Dimitriadis, G.; Foley, R. J.; Rest, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 870, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaedb0	journal	December 2018
GROWTH on S190426c: Real-time Search for a Counterpart to the Probable Neutron Star–Black Hole Merger using an Automated Difference Imaging Pipeline for DECam Goldstein, Daniel A.; Andreoni, Igor; Nugent, Peter E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab3046	journal	August 2019
TESS Input Catalog versions 8.1 and 8.2: Phantoms in the 8.0 Catalog and How to Handle Them Paegert, Martin; Stassun, Keivan G.; Collins, Karen A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2108.04778	preprint	January 2021
The Early Data Release of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Collaboration, Desi; Adame, A. G.; Aguilar, J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.06308	text	January 2023
Detecting strongly-lensed type Ia supernovae with LSST Arendse, Nikki; Dhawan, Suhail; Carracedo, Ana Sagués arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2312.04621	preprint	January 2023
High-quality Extragalactic Legacy-field Monitoring (HELM) with DECam Zhuang, Ming-Yang; Yang, Qian; Shen, Yue arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.06052	preprint	January 2024
A Cohesive Deep Drilling Field Strategy for LSST Cosmology Gris, Philippe; Awan, Humna; Becker, Matthew R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.10781	text	January 2024

Similar Records

High-quality Extragalactic Legacy-field Monitoring (HELM) with DECam

Journal Article · 2024 · Astrophys.J.Suppl. · OSTI ID:2298982

Zhuang, Ming-Yang; Yang, Qian; Shen, Yue; +45 more

Deep drilling in the time domain with DECam: survey characterization

Journal Article · 2022 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · OSTI ID:1908860

Graham, Melissa L.; Knop, Robert A.; Kennedy, Thomas D.; +41 more

Impact of Rubin Observatory Cadence Choices on Supernovae Photometric Classification

Journal Article · 2023 · The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series · OSTI ID:2422976

Alves, Catarina S.; Peiris, Hiranya V.; Lochner, Michelle; +2 more

Title: Deep drilling in the time domain with DECam – II: characterizing the light curves of candidates in the extragalactic fields

Citation Formats

References (71)

Similar Records

Related Subjects