Evaluation of SPARC divertor conditions in H-mode operation using SOLPS-ITER

Lore, Jeremy D.; Park, Jae-Sun; Eich, Thomas; Kuang, Adam Q.; Reinke, Matthew L.; De Pascuale, Sebastian; Lomanowski, Bart; Creely, Alex; Canik, John M.

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ad85f3

Title: Evaluation of SPARC divertor conditions in H-mode operation using SOLPS-ITER

Journal Article · 18 October 2024 · Nuclear Fusion

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad85f3 · OSTI ID:2478354

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Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Cambridge, MA (United States)

The predicted divertor conditions for the SPARC tokamak are calculated using SOLPS-ITER for a range of scrape-off-layer (SOL) heat flux widths λ^q, input powers, and particle fueling locations. Under H-mode scenario conditions with an upstream separatrix density of 1 x 10²⁰ m^-3, the most conservative range of λ_q extrapolations ( 0.15 mm) results in extremely high unmitigated particle and energy fluxes to the divertor, both under full field (12.2 T) and power (P_SOL = 29 MW) conditions, and 2/3 field with P_SOL = 10 MW. Increasing the cross-field SOL diffusivities by 2–10× reduces the magnitude of the mitigation challenge, however strategies such as impurity seeding or strike-point-sweeping will likely still be required. A combination of steady-state and time-dependent SOLPS-ITER simulations are used to map out phase space diagrams of upstream and divertor conditions. The simulations include parallel currents but neglect cross-field drifts. At low upstream density the inner and outer divertor conditions are highly asymmetric, with a large temperature difference and significant heat fluxes driven by parallel currents. The solution has sharp bifurcations with a region of hysteresis, depending on whether the initial state is at a low or high density. This behavior is observed even when the fueling location, cross-field diffusivity, and impurity level is changed, although the density window with asymmetry is reduced with increasing diffusivity. The addition of neon impurity seeding reduces the divertor heat fluxes, but also causes a drop in the upstream electron density with fixed particle throughput. This drop can be counteracted by increased main ion throughput, however too much neon results in a back transition into the asymmetric divertor regimes suggesting a need for control of both main ion and impurity seeding levels to achieve a desired divertor state.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; Innovation Network for Fusion Energy (INFUSE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 2478354

Journal Information:: Nuclear Fusion, Journal Name: Nuclear Fusion Journal Issue: 12 Vol. 64; ISSN 0029-5515

Publisher:: IOP ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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