Finite Bubble Statistics Constrain Late Cosmological Phase Transitions

Elor, Gilly; Jinno, Ryusuke; Kumar, Soubhik; McGehee, Robert; Tsai, Yuhsin

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.211003

Title: Finite Bubble Statistics Constrain Late Cosmological Phase Transitions

Journal Article · 19 November 2024 · Physical Review Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.211003 · OSTI ID:2478185

Elor, Gilly; Jinno, Ryusuke;

;

We consider first order cosmological phase transitions (PTs) happening at late times below standard model temperatures $T_{PT} ≲ GeV$ . The inherently stochastic nature of bubble nucleation and the finite number of bubbles associated with a late-time PT lead to superhorizon fluctuations in the PT completion time. We compute how such fluctuations eventually source curvature fluctuations with universal properties, independent of the microphysics of the PT dynamics. Using cosmic microwave background (CMB) and large scale structure measurements, we constrain the energy released in a dark-sector PT. For $0.1 eV ≲ T_{PT} ≲ keV$ this constraint is stronger than both the current bound from additional neutrino species $Δ N_{eff}$ , and in some cases, even CMB-S4 projections. Future measurements of CMB spectral distortions and pulsar timing arrays will also provide competitive sensitivity for $keV ≲ T_{PT} ≲ GeV$ . Published by the American Physical Society 2024

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0007859

OSTI ID:: 2478185

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Issue: 21 Vol. 133; ISSN 0031-9007; ISSN PRLTAO

Publisher:: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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