Supernova Axions Convert to Gamma Rays in Magnetic Fields of Progenitor Stars

Manzari, Claudio Andrea; Park, Yujin; Safdi, Benjamin R.; Savoray, Inbar

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.133.211002

Title: Supernova Axions Convert to Gamma Rays in Magnetic Fields of Progenitor Stars

Journal Article · 18 November 2024 · Physical Review Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.211002 · OSTI ID:2478039

^[1];

^[1]; Savoray, Inbar ^[1]

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

It has long been established that axions could have been produced within the nascent proto-neutron star formed following the type II supernova SN1987A, escaped the star due to their weak interactions, and then converted to gamma rays in the Galactic magnetic fields; the nonobservation of a gamma-ray flash coincident with the neutrino burst leads to strong constraints on the axion-photon coupling for axion masses m_a≲10^–10 eV. In this Letter, we use SN1987A to constrain higher mass axions, all the way to m_a~10^–3 eV, by accounting for axion production from the Primakoff process, nucleon bremsstrahlung, and pion conversion along with axion-photon conversion on the still-intact magnetic fields of the progenitor star. Moreover, we show that gamma-ray observations of the next Galactic supernova, leveraging the magnetic fields of the progenitor star, could detect quantum chromodynamics axions for masses above roughly 50 μ⁢eV, depending on the supernova. We propose a new full-sky gamma-ray satellite constellation that we call the GALactic AXion Instrument for Supernova (GALAXIS) to search for such future signals along with related signals from extragalactic neutron star mergers.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; SC0019225

OSTI ID:: 2478039

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Issue: 21 Vol. 133; ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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The Advanced Particle-astrophysics Telescope: Simulation of the Instrument Performance for Gamma-Ray Detection Chen, Wenlei; Alnussirat, Samer; Altomare, Corrado Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021) https://doi.org/10.22323/1.395.0590	conference	July 2021
The Advanced Particle-astrophysics Telescope (APT) Project Status Buckley, James; Alnussirat, Samer; Altomare, Corrado Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021) https://doi.org/10.22323/1.395.0655	conference	July 2021
Axion and ALP search with the Any Light Particle Search II experiment at DESY Oceano, Isabella Proceedings of The European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics — PoS(EPS-HEP2023) https://doi.org/10.22323/1.449.0117	conference	February 2024
Astrophysical Axion Bounds: The 2024 Edition Raffelt, G.; Caputo, A. Proceedings of 1st General Meeting and 1st Training School of the COST Action COSMIC WSIPers — PoS(COSMICWISPers) https://doi.org/10.22323/1.454.0041	conference	March 2024
Neutron Star Mergers: Probing the EoS of Hot, Dense Matter by Gravitational Waves Hanauske, Matthias; Steinheimer, Jan; Motornenko, Anton Particles, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/particles2010004	journal	January 2019
Astrophysical Limits on Very Light Axion-like Particles from Chandra Grating Spectroscopy of NGC 1275 Reynolds, Christopher S.; David Marsh, M. C.; R. Russell, Helen The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 890, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab6a0c	journal	February 2020
NS 1987A in SN 1987A Page, Dany; Beznogov, Mikhail V.; Garibay, Iván The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 898, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab93c2	journal	July 2020
Numerical Simulations of Convective Three-dimensional Red Supergiant Envelopes Goldberg, Jared A.; Jiang, Yan-Fei; Bildsten, Lars The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 929, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac5ab3	journal	April 2022
Ab-initio General-relativistic Neutrino-radiation Hydrodynamics Simulations of Long-lived Neutron Star Merger Remnants to Neutrino Cooling Timescales Radice, David; Bernuzzi, Sebastiano The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 959, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad0235	journal	December 2023
The Coherent Magnetic Field of the Milky Way Unger, Michael; Farrar, Glennys R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 970, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad4a54	journal	July 2024
Neutron-star Radius Constraints from GW170817 and Future Detections Bauswein, Andreas; Just, Oliver; Janka, Hans-Thomas The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 850, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9994	journal	November 2017

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