Magnetic metamaterials by ion-implantation

Vantaraki, Christina; Ström, Petter; Tran, Tuan T.; Grassi, Matías P.; Fevola, Giovanni; Foerster, Michael; Sadowski, Jerzy T.; Primetzhofer, Daniel; Kapaklis, Vassilios

doi:10.1063/5.0239106

Title: Magnetic metamaterials by ion-implantation

Journal Article · 14 November 2024 · Applied Physics Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0239106 · OSTI ID:2477956

^[1];

^[2];

^[3];

^[4];

^[1];

^[1]

Uppsala Univ. (Sweden)
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)
ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Valles (Spain)
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN)

We present a method for the additive fabrication of planar magnetic nanoarrays with minimal surface roughness. Synthesis is accomplished by combining electron-beam lithography, used to generate nanometric patterned masks, with ion implantation in thin films. By implanting ⁵⁶Fe⁺ ions, we are able to introduce magnetic functionality in a controlled manner into continuous Pd thin films, achieving 3D spatial resolution down to a few tens of nanometers. Our results demonstrate the application of this technique in fabricating square artificial spin ice lattices, which exhibit well-defined magnetization textures and interactions among the patterned magnetic elements.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 2477956

Report Number(s):: BNL--226355-2024-JAAM

Journal Information:: Applied Physics Letters, Journal Name: Applied Physics Letters Journal Issue: 20 Vol. 125; ISSN 0003-6951

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (42)

Position‐Selective Introduction of Ferromagnetism on the Micro‐ and Nanoscale in a Paramagnetic Thin Palladium Film Ström, Petter; Vantaraki, Christina; Kaur, Rajdeep physica status solidi (RRL) – Rapid Research Letters, Vol. 18, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssr.202400053	journal	April 2024
In-plane magnetic pattern separation in NiFe/NiO and Co/NiO exchange biased bilayers investigated by magnetic force microscopy Ehresmann, A.; Krug, I.; Kronenberger, A. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 280, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.03.048	journal	September 2004
Magnetic patterning by means of ion irradiation and implantation Fassbender, J.; McCord, J. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 320, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.07.032	journal	February 2008
Synthesis of ferromagnetic thin films and engineering of their magnetic properties by Fe ion implantation in polycrystalline Pd Ström, Petter; Ghorai, Sagar; Tran, Tuan T. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 552 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2022.169207	journal	June 2022
Nanoscale Transient Magnetization Gratings Created and Probed by Femtosecond Extreme Ultraviolet Pulses Ksenzov, Dmitriy; Maznev, Alexei A.; Unikandanunni, Vivek Nano Letters, Vol. 21, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c05083	journal	March 2021
Artificial ‘spin ice’ in a geometrically frustrated lattice of nanoscale ferromagnetic islands Wang, R. F.; Nisoli, C.; Freitas, R. S. Nature, Vol. 439, Issue 7074 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04447	journal	January 2006
Extensive degeneracy, Coulomb phase and magnetic monopoles in artificial square ice Perrin, Yann; Canals, Benjamin; Rougemaille, Nicolas Nature, Vol. 540, Issue 7633 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20155	journal	November 2016
Thermal fluctuations in artificial spin ice Kapaklis, Vassilios; Arnalds, Unnar B.; Farhan, Alan Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 9, Issue 7, p. 514-519 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.104	journal	June 2014
Non-Boolean computing with nanomagnets for computer vision applications Bhanja, Sanjukta; Karunaratne, D. K.; Panchumarthy, Ravi Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.245	journal	October 2015
Thermal ground-state ordering and elementary excitations in artificial magnetic square ice Morgan, Jason P.; Stein, Aaron; Langridge, Sean Nature Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1853	journal	November 2010
Deliberate exotic magnetism via frustration and topology Nisoli, Cristiano; Kapaklis, Vassilios; Schiffer, Peter Nature Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys4059	journal	March 2017
Nanoscale neural network using non-linear spin-wave interference Papp, Ádám; Porod, Wolfgang; Csaba, Gyorgy Nature Communications, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26711-z	journal	November 2021
Reconfigurable training and reservoir computing in an artificial spin-vortex ice via spin-wave fingerprinting Gartside, Jack C.; Stenning, Kilian D.; Vanstone, Alex Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 17, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-022-01091-7	journal	May 2022
Interaction modifiers in artificial spin ices Östman, Erik; Stopfel, Henry; Chioar, Ioan-Augustin Nature Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-017-0027-2	journal	February 2018
Neuromorphic spintronics Grollier, J.; Querlioz, D.; Camsari, K. Y. Nature Electronics, Vol. 3, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-019-0360-9	journal	March 2020
Advances in artificial spin ice Skjærvø, Sandra H.; Marrows, Christopher H.; Stamps, Robert L. Nature Reviews Physics, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-019-0118-3	journal	November 2019
Neuromorphic computing with spintronics Marrows, Christopher H.; Barker, Joseph; Moore, Thomas A. npj Spintronics, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s44306-024-00019-2	journal	April 2024
Mesoscopic magnetic systems: From fundamental properties to devices Heyderman, Laura J.; Grollier, Julie; Marrows, Christopher H. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0064083	journal	August 2021
Steering light with magnetic textures Chioar, Ioan-Augustin; Vantaraki, Christina; Pohlit, Merlin Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0074391	journal	January 2022
Roadmap for focused ion beam technologies Höflich, Katja; Hobler, Gerhard; Allen, Frances I. Applied Physics Reviews, Vol. 10, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0162597	journal	December 2023
Frustration by design Gilbert, Ian; Nisoli, Cristiano; Schiffer, Peter Physics Today, Vol. 69, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.3237	journal	July 2016
Localized magnetic modification of permalloy using Cr⁺ion implantation Folks, L.; Fontana, R. E.; Gurney, B. A. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 36, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/36/21/001	journal	October 2003
Artificial ferroic systems: novel functionality from structure, interactions and dynamics Heyderman, L. J.; Stamps, R. L. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 25, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/25/36/363201	journal	August 2013
Magnonic crystals for data processing Chumak, A. V.; Serga, A. A.; Hillebrands, B. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 50, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aa6a65	journal	May 2017
Introducing artificial length scales to tailor magnetic properties Fassbender, J.; Strache, T.; Liedke, M. O. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/11/12/125002	journal	December 2009
Melting artificial spin ice Kapaklis, Vassilios; Arnalds, Unnar B.; Harman-Clarke, Adam New Journal of Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/14/3/035009	journal	March 2012
Thermal excitations within and among mesospins in artificial spin ice Skovdal, Björn Erik; Slöetjes, Samuel D.; Pohlit, Merlin Physical Review B, Vol. 107, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.107.L060406	journal	February 2023
Exchange-bias instability in a bilayer with an ion-beam imprinted stripe pattern of ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic interfaces Theis-Bröhl, Katharina; Wolff, Maximilian; Westphalen, Andreas Physical Review B, Vol. 73, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.73.174408	journal	May 2006
Structural and magnetic modifications of Cr-implanted Permalloy Fassbender, J.; von Borany, J.; Mücklich, A. Physical Review B, Vol. 73, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.73.184410	journal	May 2006
Proximity effects on dimensionality and magnetic ordering in Pd/Fe/Pd trialyers Hase, Thomas P. A.; Brewer, Matthew S.; Arnalds, Unnar B. Physical Review B, Vol. 90, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.90.104403	journal	September 2014
Reconfigurable wave band structure of an artificial square ice Iacocca, Ezio; Gliga, Sebastian; Stamps, Robert L. Physical Review B, Vol. 93, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.134420	journal	April 2016
Bringing nanomagnetism to the mesoscale with artificial amorphous structures Muscas, G.; Brucas, R.; Jönsson, P. E. Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.97.174409	journal	May 2018
Spectral Analysis of Topological Defects in an Artificial Spin-Ice Lattice Gliga, Sebastian; Kákay, Attila; Hertel, Riccardo Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.117205	journal	March 2013
Spontaneous Magnetic Superdomain Wall Fluctuations in an Artificial Antiferromagnet Chen, X. M.; Farmer, B.; Woods, J. S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 123, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.197202	journal	November 2019
Switchable X-Ray Orbital Angular Momentum from an Artificial Spin Ice Woods, Justin S.; Chen, Xiaoqian M.; Chopdekar, Rajesh V. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 126, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.117201	journal	March 2021
Observation of a Strongly Enhanced Magnetic Susceptibility of Pd in Au-Pd-Au Sandwiches Brodsky, M. B.; Freeman, A. J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.45.133	journal	July 1980
Layered Magnetic Structures: Evidence for Antiferromagnetic Coupling of Fe Layers across Cr Interlayers Grünberg, P.; Schreiber, R.; Pang, Y. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 57, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.2442	journal	November 1986
The ALBA spectroscopic LEEM-PEEM experimental station: layout and performance Aballe, Lucia; Foerster, Michael; Pellegrin, Eric Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 22, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577515003537	journal	April 2015
Emergent magnetic monopole dynamics in macroscopically degenerate artificial spin ice Farhan, Alan; Saccone, Michael; Petersen, Charlotte F. Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav6380	journal	February 2019
Planar Patterned Magnetic Media Obtained by Ion Irradiation Chappert, C. Science, Vol. 280, Issue 5371 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.280.5371.1919	journal	June 1998
Cooperative magnetic phenomena in artificial spin systems: spin liquids, Coulomb phase and fragmentation of magnetism – a colloquium Rougemaille, Nicolas; Canals, Benjamin The European Physical Journal B, Vol. 92, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2018-90346-7	journal	March 2019
Computation in artificial spin ice Jensen, Johannes H.; Folven, Erik; Tufte, Gunnar The 2018 Conference on Artificial Life https://doi.org/10.1162/isal_a_00011	conference	January 2018

Similar Records

Formation of Nanopore-Arrays by Plasma-based Thin FilmDeposition

Technical Report · 2005 · OSTI ID:932785

Ji, Qing; Chen, Y; Jiang, Ximan; +2 more

Modification of magnetocrystalline anisotropy via ion-implantation

Journal Article · 2020 · AIP Advances · OSTI ID:1631648

Lee, Michael S.; Chopdekar, Rajesh V.; Shafer, Padraic; +2 more

Local stress engineering of magnetic anisotropy in soft magnetic thin films

Journal Article · 2009 · Applied Physics Letters · OSTI ID:21175958

Martin, Norbert; McCord, Jeffrey; Gemming, Thomas; +8 more

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Atomic force microscopy
Electron-beam lithography
Ion implantation
Magnetic hysteresis
Magnetic ordering
Metamaterials
Nanomaterials
Synchrotron radiation
Thin films

Title: Magnetic metamaterials by ion-implantation

Citation Formats

References (42)

Similar Records

Related Subjects