Electronic interactions in Dirac fluids visualized by nano-terahertz spacetime interference of electron-photon quasiparticles

Xu, Suheng; Li, Yutao; Vitalone, Rocco A.; Jing, Ran; Sternbach, Aaron J.; Zhang, Shuai; Ingham, Julian; Delor, Milan; McIver, James W.; Yankowitz, Matthew; Queiroz, Raquel; Millis, Andrew J.; Fogler, Michael M.; Dean, Cory R.; Pasupathy, Abhay N.; Hone, James; Liu, Mengkun; Basov, D. N.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.ado5553

Title: Electronic interactions in Dirac fluids visualized by nano-terahertz spacetime interference of electron-photon quasiparticles

Journal Article · 23 October 2024 · Science Advances

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ado5553 · OSTI ID:2477950

^[1];

^[2]; Vitalone, Rocco A. ^[1];

^[3];

^[4];

^[1];

^[1]; McIver, James W. ^[1];

^[5];

^[1];

^[6];

^[7];

^[1];

^[8]; Basov, D. N. ^[1]

Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Flatiron Institute, New York, NY (United States)
Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)
Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)

Ultraclean graphene at charge neutrality hosts a quantum critical Dirac fluid of interacting electrons and holes. Interactions profoundly affect the charge dynamics of graphene, which is encoded in the properties of its electron-photon collective modes: surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Here, we show that polaritonic interference patterns are particularly well suited to unveil the interactions in Dirac fluids by tracking polaritonic interference in time at temporal scales commensurate with the electronic scattering. Spacetime SPP interference patterns recorded in terahertz (THz) frequency range provided unobstructed readouts of the group velocity and lifetime of polariton that can be directly mapped onto the electronic spectral weight and the relaxation rate. Our data uncovered prominent departures of the electron dynamics from the predictions of the conventional Fermi-liquid theory. The deviations are particularly strong when the densities of electrons and holes are approximately equal. The proposed spacetime imaging methodology can be broadly applied to probe the electrodynamics of quantum materials.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; SC0018426; SC0019443

OSTI ID:: 2477950

Report Number(s):: BNL--226351-2024-JAAM

Journal Information:: Science Advances, Journal Name: Science Advances Journal Issue: 43 Vol. 10; ISSN 2375-2548

Publisher:: AAASCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (60)

Nanoimaging and Nanospectroscopy of Polaritons with Time Resolved s ‐SNOM Yao, Ziheng; Xu, Suheng; Hu, Debo Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201901042	journal	September 2019
Terahertz near-field imaging of surface plasmon waves in graphene structures Mitrofanov, O.; Yu, W.; Thompson, R. J. Solid State Communications, Vol. 224 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2015.08.013	journal	December 2015
Hyperbolic Cooper-Pair Polaritons in Planar Graphene/Cuprate Plasmonic Cavities Berkowitz, Michael E.; Kim, Brian S. Y.; Ni, Guangxin Nano Letters, Vol. 21, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03684	journal	December 2020
Efficiency of Launching Highly Confined Polaritons by Infrared Light Incident on a Hyperbolic Material Dai, Siyuan; Ma, Qiong; Yang, Yafang Nano Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01587	journal	August 2017
Deep Learning Analysis of Polaritonic Wave Images Xu, Suheng; McLeod, Alexander. S.; Chen, Xinzhong ACS Nano, Vol. 15, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c07011	journal	October 2021
Electron-Hole Scattering at High Injection-Levels in Germanium Davies, L. W. Nature, Vol. 194, Issue 4830 https://doi.org/10.1038/194762a0	journal	May 1962
Gate-tuning of graphene plasmons revealed by infrared nano-imaging Fei, Z.; Rodin, A. S.; Andreev, G. O. Nature, Vol. 487, Issue 7405 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11253	journal	June 2012
Optical nano-imaging of gate-tunable graphene plasmons Chen, Jianing; Badioli, Michela; Alonso-González, Pablo Nature, Vol. 487, Issue 7405 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11254	journal	June 2012
Terahertz polariton propagation in patterned materials Stoyanov, Nikolay S.; Ward, David W.; Feurer, Thomas Nature Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat725	journal	September 2002
Boron nitride substrates for high-quality graphene electronics Dean, C. R.; Young, A. F.; Meric, I. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 5, Issue 10, p. 722-726 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2010.172	journal	August 2010
Photodetectors based on graphene, other two-dimensional materials and hybrid systems Koppens, F. H. L.; Mueller, T.; Avouris, Ph. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.215	journal	October 2014
Direct observation of ultraslow hyperbolic polariton propagation with negative phase velocity Yoxall, Edward; Schnell, Martin; Nikitin, Alexey Y. Nature Photonics, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2015.166	journal	September 2015
Ultrafast optical switching of infrared plasmon polaritons in high-mobility graphene Ni, G. X.; Wang, L.; Goldflam, M. D. Nature Photonics, Vol. 10, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2016.45	journal	March 2016
Collective non-perturbative coupling of 2D electrons with high-quality-factor terahertz cavity photons Zhang, Qi; Lou, Minhan; Li, Xinwei Nature Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3850	journal	August 2016
Electron–hole collision limited transport in charge-neutral bilayer graphene Nam, Youngwoo; Ki, Dong-Keun; Soler-Delgado, David Nature Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys4218	journal	August 2017
Imaging the nanoscale phase separation in vanadium dioxide thin films at terahertz frequencies Stinson, H. T.; Sternbach, A.; Najera, O. Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05998-5	journal	September 2018
Terahertz response of monolayer and few-layer WTe2 at the nanoscale Jing, Ran; Shao, Yinming; Fei, Zaiyao Nature Communications, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23933-z	journal	September 2021
Author Correction: Infrared nano-imaging of Dirac magnetoexcitons in graphene Dapolito, Michael; Tsuneto, Makoto; Zheng, Wenjun Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 18, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-023-01569-y	journal	November 2023
Vacuum Bloch–Siegert shift in Landau polaritons with ultra-high cooperativity Li, Xinwei; Bamba, Motoaki; Zhang, Qi Nature Photonics, Vol. 12, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0153-0	journal	April 2018
Observation of temporal reflection and broadband frequency translation at photonic time interfaces Moussa, Hady; Xu, Gengyu; Yin, Shixiong Nature Physics https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-01975-y	journal	March 2023
Fundamental limits to graphene plasmonics Ni, G. X.; McLeod, A. S.; Sun, Z. Nature, Vol. 557, Issue 7706 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0136-9	journal	May 2018
Visualizing Poiseuille flow of hydrodynamic electrons Sulpizio, Joseph A.; Ella, Lior; Rozen, Asaf Nature, Vol. 576, Issue 7785 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1788-9	journal	December 2019
Observation of hydrodynamic plasmons and energy waves in graphene Zhao, Wenyu; Wang, Shaoxin; Chen, Sudi Nature, Vol. 614, Issue 7949 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05619-8	journal	February 2023
Giant magnetoresistance of Dirac plasma in high-mobility graphene Xin, Na; Lourembam, James; Kumaravadivel, Piranavan Nature, Vol. 616, Issue 7956 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05807-0	journal	April 2023
Generalized spectral method for near-field optical microscopy Jiang, B. -Y.; Zhang, L. M.; Castro Neto, A. H. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4941343	journal	February 2016
Viscous electron fluids Polini, Marco; Geim, Andre K. Physics Today, Vol. 73, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.4497	journal	June 2020
Universal linear and nonlinear electrodynamics of a Dirac fluid Sun, Zhiyuan; Basov, Dmitry N.; Fogler, Michael M. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717010115	journal	March 2018
Hydrodynamics of electrons in graphene Lucas, Andrew; Fong, Kin Chung Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 30, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/aaa274	journal	January 2018
Dynamical polarization of graphene at finite doping Wunsch, B.; Stauber, T.; Sols, F. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 8, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/8/12/318	journal	December 2006
Electron-phonon hydrodynamics Huang, Xiaoyang; Lucas, Andrew Physical Review B, Vol. 103, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.103.155128	journal	April 2021
Phase-resolved terahertz nanoimaging of WTe2 microcrystals Jing, Ran; Vitalone, Rocco A.; Xu, Suheng Physical Review B, Vol. 107, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.107.155413	journal	April 2023
Electron-hole scattering in GaAs quantum wells Höpfel, R. A.; Shah, J.; Wolff, P. A. Physical Review B, Vol. 37, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.37.6941	journal	April 1988
Dielectric function, screening, and plasmons in two-dimensional graphene Hwang, E. H.; Das Sarma, S. Physical Review B, Vol. 75, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.75.205418	journal	May 2007
Quantum critical transport in clean graphene Fritz, Lars; Schmalian, Jörg; Müller, Markus Physical Review B, Vol. 78, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.78.085416	journal	August 2008
Quantum-critical relativistic magnetotransport in graphene Müller, Markus; Fritz, Lars; Sachdev, Subir Physical Review B, Vol. 78, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.78.115406	journal	September 2008
Intrinsic plasmons in two-dimensional Dirac materials Das Sarma, S.; Li, Qiuzi Physical Review B, Vol. 87, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.87.235418	journal	June 2013
Phonon-limited resistivity of graphene by first-principles calculations: Electron-phonon interactions, strain-induced gauge field, and Boltzmann equation Sohier, Thibault; Calandra, Matteo; Park, Cheol-Hwan Physical Review B, Vol. 90, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.90.125414	journal	September 2014
Bulk and shear viscosities of the two-dimensional electron liquid in a doped graphene sheet Principi, Alessandro; Vignale, Giovanni; Carrega, Matteo Physical Review B, Vol. 93, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.125410	journal	March 2016
Hydrodynamic-to-ballistic crossover in Dirac materials Svintsov, D. Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.97.121405	journal	March 2018
Acoustic plasmons at the crossover between the collisionless and hydrodynamic regimes in two-dimensional electron liquids Torre, Iacopo; Vieira de Castro, Luan; Van Duppen, Ben Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.99.144307	journal	April 2019
Universal Optical Conductance of Graphite Kuzmenko, A. B.; van Heumen, E.; Carbone, F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.117401	journal	March 2008
Tunable Terahertz Plasmons in Graphite Thin Films Xing, Qiaoxia; Song, Chaoyu; Wang, Chong Physical Review Letters, Vol. 126, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.147401	journal	April 2021
Electron-Hole Scattering and the Electrical Resistivity of the Semimetal TiS 2 Kukkonen, Carl A.; Maldague, Pierre F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 37, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.37.782	journal	September 1976
Quantum Critical Scaling in Graphene Sheehy, Daniel E.; Schmalian, Jörg Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.226803	journal	November 2007
Collective modes and terahertz near-field response of superconductors Sun, Zhiyuan; Fogler, M. M.; Basov, D. N. Physical Review Research, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.023413	journal	June 2020
Artificial graphene: Unconventional superconductivity in a honeycomb superlattice Li, Tommy; Ingham, Julian; Scammell, Harley D. Physical Review Research, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.043155	journal	October 2020
Electron-Electron Interactions in Graphene: Current Status and Perspectives Kotov, Valeri N.; Uchoa, Bruno; Pereira, Vitor M. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 84, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.84.1067	journal	July 2012
Colloquium : Graphene spectroscopy Basov, D. N.; Fogler, M. M.; Lanzara, A. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 86, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.86.959	journal	July 2014
Near-Field Spectroscopy and Imaging of Subwavelength Plasmonic Terahertz Resonators Mitrofanov, Oleg; Khromova, Irina; Siday, Thomas IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, Vol. 6, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2016.2549367	journal	May 2016
Dissipation-enabled hydrodynamic conductivity in a tunable bandgap semiconductor Tan, Cheng; Ho, Derek Y. H.; Wang, Lei Science Advances, Vol. 8, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abi8481	journal	April 2022
Experimental signatures of the transition from acoustic plasmon to electronic sound in graphene Barcons Ruiz, David; Hesp, Niels C. H.; Herzig Sheinfux, Hanan Science Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi0415	journal	September 2023
Ultrafast anisotropic dynamics of hyperbolic nanolight pulse propagation Zhang, Xin; Yan, Qizhi; Ma, Weiliang Science Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi4407	journal	August 2023
Spatiotemporal Coherent Control of Lattice Vibrational Waves Feurer, T. Science, Vol. 299, Issue 5605 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1078726	journal	January 2003
Observation of the Dirac fluid and the breakdown of the Wiedemann-Franz law in graphene Crossno, J.; Shi, J. K.; Wang, K. Science, Vol. 351, Issue 6277 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad0343	journal	February 2016
Polaritons in van der Waals materials Basov, D. N.; Fogler, M. M.; Garcia de Abajo, F. J. Science, Vol. 354, Issue 6309 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aag1992	journal	October 2016
Tuning quantum nonlocal effects in graphene plasmonics Lundeberg, Mark B.; Gao, Yuanda; Asgari, Reza Science, Vol. 357, Issue 6347 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan2735	journal	June 2017
Quantum-critical conductivity of the Dirac fluid in graphene Gallagher, Patrick; Yang, Chan-Shan; Lyu, Tairu Science https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat8687	journal	February 2019
An exotic quantum fluid in graphene Lucas, Andrew Science, Vol. 364, Issue 6436 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw9869	journal	April 2019
Programmable hyperbolic polaritons in van der Waals semiconductors Sternbach, A. J.; Chae, S. H.; Latini, S. Science, Vol. 371, Issue 6529 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abe9163	journal	February 2021
Spatiotemporal imaging of 2D polariton wave packet dynamics using free electrons Kurman, Yaniv; Dahan, Raphael; Sheinfux, Hanan Herzig Science, Vol. 372, Issue 6547 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abg9015	journal	June 2021

Similar Records

Observation of hydrodynamic plasmons and energy waves in graphene

Journal Article · 2023 · Nature (London) · OSTI ID:2234173

Zhao, Wenyu; Wang, Shaoxin; Chen, Su-Di; +5 more

Coherent and tunable terahertz radiation from graphene surface plasmon polaritons excited by an electron beam

Journal Article · 2014 · Applied Physics Letters · OSTI ID:22273373

Liu, Shenggang; Hu, Min; Chen, Xiaoxing; +5 more

Imaging electrostatically confined Dirac fermions in graphene quantum dots

Journal Article · 2016 · Nature Physics · OSTI ID:1530257

Lee, Juwon; Wong, Dillon; Velasco Jr, Jairo; +9 more

Related Subjects

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY

Title: Electronic interactions in Dirac fluids visualized by nano-terahertz spacetime interference of electron-photon quasiparticles

Citation Formats

References (60)

Similar Records

Related Subjects