First Constraints on the Epoch of Reionization Using the Non-Gaussianity of the Kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect from the South Pole Telescope and Herschel-SPIRE Observations

Journal Article · 18 September 2024 · Phys.Rev.Lett.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.121004 · OSTI ID:2477829

Raghunathan, S.  ^[1]; Ade, P. A.R. ^[2]; Anderson, A. J.  ^[3]; Ansarinejad, B.  ^[4]; Archipley, M. ^[5]; Austermann, J. E. ^[6]; Balkenhol, L. ^[7]; Beall, J. A. ^[8]; Benabed, K. ^[7]; Bender, A. N. ^[9]; Benson, B. A. ^[3]; Bianchini, F. ^[10]; Bleem, L. E. ^[9]; Bock, J. ^[11]; Bouchet, F. R. ^[7]; Bryant, L. ^[12]; Camphuis, E. ^[7]; Carlstrom, J. E. ^[13]; Cecil, T. W.  ^[14]; Chang, C. L. ^[9] ; Chaubal, P. ^[4]; Chiang, H. C. ^[15]; Chichura, P. M. ^[16]; Chou, T.-L. ^[16]; Citron, R. ^[12]; Coerver, A. ^[17]; Crawford, T. M. ^[18]; Crites, A. T. ^[19]; Cukierman, A. ^[20]; Daley, C. ^[21]; Dibert, K. R.  ^[22]; Dobbs, M. A. ^[23]; Doussot, A. ^[7]; Dutcher, D. ^[24]; Everett, W. ^[25]; Feng, C. ^[26]; Ferguson, K. R. ^[27]; Fichman, K. ^[16]; Foster, A. ^[24]; Galli, S. ^[7]; Gallicchio, J. ^[28]; Gambrel, A. E. ^[29]; Gardner, R. W. ^[12]; Ge, F. ^[30]; George, E. M. ^[31]; Goeckner-Wald, N. ^[32]; Gualtieri, R. ^[33]; Guidi, F. ^[7]; Guns, S. ^[17]; Gupta, N. ^[34]; de Haan, T. ^[35]; Halverson, N. W. ^[25]; Hivon, E. ^[7]; Holder, G. P. ^[26]; Holzapfel, W. L. ^[17]; Hood, J. C. ^[29]; Hrubes, J. D. ^[12]; Hryciuk, A. ^[16]; Huang, N. ^[17]; Hubmayr, J.  ^[8]; Irwin, K. D. ^[36]; Kéruzoré, F. ^[14]; Khalife, A. R.; Knox, L. ^[30]; Korman, M. ^[37]; Kornoelje, K.  ^[22]; Kuo, C.-L. ^[10]; Lee, A. T. ^[38]; Levy, K. ^[4]; Li, D. ^[39]; Lowitz, A. E. ^[29]; Lu, C. ^[26]; Maniyar, A. ^[10]; Martsen, E. S.; McMahon, J. J. ^[40]; Menanteau, F. ^[5]; Millea, M. ^[17]; Montgomery, J.  ^[41]; Moran, C. Corbett ^[42]; Nakato, Y. ^[43]; Natoli, T. ^[29]; Nibarger, J. P. ^[8]; Noble, G. I. ^[44]; Novosad, V. ^[14]; Omori, Y. ^[22]; Padin, S. ^[45]; Pan, Z. ^[46]; Paschos, P. ^[12]; Patil, S. ^[4]; Phadke, K. A. ^[5]; Prabhu, K. ^[30]; Pryke, C. ^[47]; Quan, W. ^[16]; Rahimi, M. ^[4]; Rahlin, A. ^[48]; Reichardt, C. L. ^[4]; Rouble, M. ^[41]; Ruhl, J. E. ^[37]; Saliwanchik, B. R. ^[49]; Schaffer, K. K. ^[50]; Schiappucci, E. ^[4]; Sievers, C. ^[12]; Smecher, G. ^[51]; Sobrin, J. A. ^[48]; Stark, A. A. ^[52]; Stephen, J. ^[12]; Suzuki, A. ^[53]; Tandoi, C. ^[21]; Thompson, K. L. ^[10]; Thorne, B. ^[30]; Trendafilova, C. ^[1]; Tucker, C. ^[2]; Umilta, C. ^[26]; Veach, T. ^[54]; Vieira, J. D. ^[55]; Viero, M. P. ^[56]; Wan, Y. ^[5]; Wang, G. ^[14]; Whitehorn, N. ^[57]; Wu, W. L.K. ^[58]; Yefremenko, V. ^[14]; Young, M. R. ^[48]; Zebrowski, J. A. ^[59]; Zemcov, M. ^[60]

---

1. Illinois U., Urbana (main)
2. Cardiff U.
3. Fermilab; Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.
4. Melbourne U.
5. Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.; Illinois U., Urbana (main)
6. NIST, Boulder; Colorado U.
7. Paris, Inst. Astrophys.
8. NIST, Boulder
9. Argonne; Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.
10. KIPAC, Menlo Park; Stanford U., HEPL; Stanford U.; SLAC
11. Caltech; Caltech, JPL
12. Chicago U., EFI
13. Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., EFI; Argonne; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.
14. Argonne
15. McGill U.; KwaZulu Natal U.
16. Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP
17. UC, Berkeley
18. Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.
19. Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; U. Toronto, Dunlap Inst. Astron. Astrophys.
20. KIPAC, Menlo Park; Stanford U., HEPL; SLAC; Stanford U.
21. Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.
22. Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., KICP
23. McGill U.; Canadian Inst. Advanced Res.
24. Princeton U.
25. Colorado U.
26. Illinois U., Urbana
27. UCLA
28. Chicago U., KICP; Harvey Mudd Coll.
29. Chicago U., KICP
30. UC, Davis
31. European Southern Observ.; UC, Berkeley
32. Stanford U.; KIPAC, Menlo Park; Stanford U., HEPL
33. Northwestern U.
34. Western Australia Inst. Tech.; NRAO, Socorro
35. KEK, Tsukuba
36. SLAC; Stanford U.
37. Case Western Reserve U.
38. UC, Berkeley; LBNL, Berkeley
39. NIST, Boulder; SLAC
40. Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.
41. McGill U.
42. Caltech, JPL
43. Stanford U.
44. U. Toronto, Dunlap Inst. Astron. Astrophys.
45. Chicago U., KICP; Caltech
46. Argonne; Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., EFI
47. Minnesota U.
48. Fermilab; Chicago U., KICP
49. Milan Polytechnic; INFN, Milan; Brookhaven; Munich, Max Planck Inst. HLL
50. Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U.
51. Unlisted, CA
52. Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.
53. LBNL, Berkeley
54. Texas U., San Antonio
55. Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.; Illinois U., Urbana; Illinois U., Urbana (main)
56. Caltech
57. Michigan State U.
58. KIPAC, Menlo Park; Stanford U., HEPL; SLAC
59. Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Fermilab
60. Rochester Inst. Tech.; Caltech, JPL

We report results from an analysis aimed at detecting the trispectrum of the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (kSZ) effect by combining data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and Herschel-SPIRE experiments over a $100{\mathrm{deg}}^2$ field. The SPT observations combine data from the previous and current surveys, namely SPTpol and SPT-3G, to achieve depths of 4.5, 3, and $16\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{K}\text{-}\mathrm{arcmin}$ in bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. For SPIRE, we include data from the 600 and 857 GHz bands. We reconstruct the velocity-induced large-scale correlation of the small-scale kSZ signal with a quadratic estimator that uses two cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature maps, constructed by optimally combining data from all the frequency bands. We reject the null hypothesis of a zero trispectrum at $10.3\sigma$ level. However, the measured trispectrum contains contributions from both the kSZ and other undesired components, such as CMB lensing and astrophysical foregrounds, with kSZ being sub-dominant. We use the agora simulations to estimate the expected signal from CMB lensing and astrophysical foregrounds. After accounting for the contributions from CMB lensing and foreground signals, we do not detect an excess kSZ-only trispectrum and use this nondetection to set constraints on reionization. By applying a prior based on observations of the Gunn-Peterson trough, we obtain an upper limit on the duration of reionization of $\mathrm{\Delta }{z}_{\mathrm{re},50}<4.5$ (95% confidence level). We find these constraints are fairly robust to foregrounds assumptions. This trispectrum measurement is independent of, but consistent with, Planck’s optical depth measurement. This result is the first constraint on the epoch of reionization using the non-Gaussian nature of the kSZ signal.

• Research Organization: UC, Berkeley; Texas U., San Antonio; Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.; Chicago U.; Rochester Inst. Tech.; Caltech; Melbourne U.; Munich, Max Planck Inst. HLL; Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Canadian Inst. Advanced Res.; LBNL, Berkeley; Stanford U., HEPL; Colorado U.; Harvey Mudd Coll.; NRAO, Socorro; Cardiff U.; Chicago U., EFI; Stanford U.; Illinois U., Urbana; Western Australia Inst. Tech.; Princeton U.; INFN, Milan; Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); European Southern Observ.; Caltech, JPL; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.; UCLA; Case Western Reserve U.; UC, Davis; Northwestern U.; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Minnesota U.; Illinois U., Urbana (main); McGill U.; U. Toronto, Dunlap Inst. Astron. Astrophys.; Unlisted, CA; Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Paris, Inst. Astrophys.; KEK, Tsukuba; NIST, Boulder; Michigan State U.; Milan Polytechnic; KwaZulu Natal U.
• Sponsoring Organization: US Department of Energy
• Grant/Contract Number: AC02-07CH11359; 89243024CSC000002
• OSTI ID: 2477829
• Report Number(s): FERMILAB-PUB-24-0809-PPD; oai:inspirehep.net:2765125; arXiv:2403.02337
• Journal Information: Phys.Rev.Lett., Journal Name: Phys.Rev.Lett. Journal Issue: 12 Vol. 133
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English