Quantum real-time evolution of entanglement and hadronization in jet production: Lessons from the massive Schwinger model

Florio, Adrien; Frenklakh, David; Ikeda, Kazuki; Kharzeev, Dmitri; Korepin, Vladimir; Shi, Shuzhe; Yu, Kwangmin

doi:10.1103/physrevd.110.094029

Title: Quantum real-time evolution of entanglement and hadronization in jet production: Lessons from the massive Schwinger model

Journal Article · 14 November 2024 · Physical Review. D.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.110.094029 · OSTI ID:2477711

Florio, Adrien ^[1]; Frenklakh, David ^[2];

^[3];

^[4];

^[1]

Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)
Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China); Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)

The possible link between entanglement and thermalization, and the dynamics of hadronization are addressed by studying the real-time response of the massive Schwinger model coupled to external sources. This setup mimics the production and fragmentation of quark jets, as the Schwinger model and quantum chromodynamics (QCD) share the properties of confinement and chiral symmetry breaking. By using simulations of quantum dynamics on classical hardware, we study the entanglement between the produced jets, and observe the growth of the corresponding entanglement entropy in time. This growth arises from the increased number of contributing eigenstates of the reduced density matrix with sufficiently large and close eigenvalues. We also investigate the physical nature of these eigenstates, and find that at early times they correspond to fermionic Fock states. We then observe the transition from these fermionic Fock states to mesonlike bound states as a function of time. In other words, we observe how hadronization develops in real time. At late times, the local observables at midrapidity (such as the fermion density and the electric field) approach approximately constant values, suggesting the onset of equilibrium and approach to thermalization.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; SC0012704; SC0020970

OSTI ID:: 2477711

Report Number(s):: BNL--226425-2024-JAAM

Journal Information:: Physical Review. D., Journal Name: Physical Review. D. Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 110; ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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