Carbon Mineralization in Fractured Mafic and Ultramafic Rocks: A Review

Nisbet, H.; Buscarnera, G.; Carey, J. W.; Chen, M. A.; Detournay, E.; Huang, H.; Hyman, J. D.; Kang, P. K.; Kang, Q.; Labuz, J. F.; Li, W.; Matter, J.; Neil, C. W.; Srinivasan, G.; Sweeney, M. R.; Voller, V. R.; Yang, W.; Yang, Y.; Viswanathan, H. S.

doi:10.1029/2023RG000815

Title: Carbon Mineralization in Fractured Mafic and Ultramafic Rocks: A Review

Journal Article · 16 November 2024 · Reviews of Geophysics (1985)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2023RG000815 · OSTI ID:2477709

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Earth and Environmental Sciences Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM USA
Civil and Environmental Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
Department of Earth &, Environmental Sciences University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo‐ Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA
School of Ocean and Earth Science University of Southampton Southampton UK
X‐Computational Physics Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM USA

Abstract Mineral carbon storage in mafic and ultramafic rock masses has the potential to be an effective and permanent mechanism to reduce anthropogenic CO ₂ . Several successful pilot‐scale projects have been carried out in basaltic rock (e.g., CarbFix, Wallula), demonstrating the potential for rapid CO ₂ sequestration. However, these tests have been limited to the injection of small quantities of CO ₂ . Thus, the longevity and feasibility of long‐term, large‐scale mineralization operations to store the levels of CO ₂ needed to address the present climate crisis is unknown. Moreover, CO ₂ mineralization in ultramafic rocks, which tend to be more reactive but less permeable, has not yet been quantified. In these systems, fractures are expected to play a crucial role in the flow and reaction of CO ₂ within the rock mass and will influence the CO ₂ storage potential of the system. Therefore, consideration of fractures is imperative to the prediction of CO ₂ mineralization at a specific storage site. In this review, we highlight key takeaways, successes, and shortcomings of CO ₂ mineralization pilot tests that have been completed and are currently underway. Laboratory experiments, directed toward understanding the complex geochemical and geomechanical reactions that occur during CO ₂ mineralization in fractures, are also discussed. Experimental studies and their applicability to field sites are limited in time and scale. Many modeling techniques can be applied to bridge these limitations. We highlight current modeling advances and their potential applications for predicting CO ₂ mineralization in mafic and ultramafic rocks.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: NONE; SC0023429

OSTI ID:: 2477709

Journal Information:: Reviews of Geophysics (1985), Journal Name: Reviews of Geophysics (1985) Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 62; ISSN 8755-1209

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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