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Title: Broadband multi-wavelength properties of M87 during the 2018 EHT campaign including a very high energy flaring episode

Journal Article · · Astron.Astrophys.
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  1. Malaya U.
  2. Yale Ctr. Astron. Astrophys.; Yale U., Dept. Astron.
  3. Potchefstroom U.
  4. KASI, DaeJeon; KISTI, Daejeon
  5. Unlisted, CN
  6. Bologna, Ist. Radioastronomia
  7. Penn State U., Astron. Astrophys.
  8. McGill U.; McGill U., Montreal (main)
  9. Nijmegen U., IMAPP; Leiden Observ.
  10. Harvard U.
  11. KASI, DaeJeon; Tokyo, Grad. U. Adv. Stud.; Natl. Astron. Observ. of Japan; Nagoya U.
  12. McGill U.
  13. Boston U.
  14. Tokyo U., ICRR
  15. KASI, DaeJeon; Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.
  16. Natl. Astron. Observ. of Japan; Kogakuin U.
  17. KASI, DaeJeon
  18. Shanghai, Astron. Observ.; Nanjing U. Sci. Tech.; Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.
  19. Amsterdam U., Astron. Inst.; U. Amsterdam, GRAPPA
  20. Northwestern U.; Northwestern U. (main); Harvard U.
  21. Villanova U.
  22. Washington U., St. Louis
  23. Trieste U.; INFN, Trieste; Bologna, Ist. Radioastronomia
  24. Concepcion U.
  25. Flatiron Inst., New York; Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.
  26. Hiroshima U.
  27. Malaya U.; Yale Ctr. Astron. Astrophys.; Yale U., Dept. Astron.; Potchefstroom U.; KASI, DaeJeon; Taejon, Elect. Telecomm. Res. Inst.; Unlisted, CN; Bologna, Ist. Radioastronomia; Penn State U., Astron. Astrophys.; McGill U.; McGill U., Montreal (main); Nijmegen U., IMAPP; Leiden Observ.; Harvard U.; Tokyo, Grad. U. Adv. Stud.; Natl. Astron. Observ. of Japan; Nagoya U.; Boston U.; Tokyo U., ICRR; Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.; Kogakuin U.; Shanghai, Astron. Observ.; Nanjing U. Sci. Tech.; Amsterdam U., Astron. Inst.; U. Amsterdam, GRAPPA; Northwestern U.; Northwestern U. (main); Villanova U.; Washington U., St. Louis; Trieste U.; INFN, Trieste; Turku U.; CCA, New York; Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.; Hiroshima U.; MIT, LNS; Harvard U. (main); Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.; Granada U., Theor. Phys. Astrophys.; Texas U., San Antonio; Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Valencia U.; Valencia U., IFIC; Chalmers U. Tech.; Arizona U., Astron. Dept. - Steward Observ.; Concepcion U.; Illinois U., Urbana; Fermilab; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Subaru Telescope; Caltech; Gemini Observ., Hilo; Hawaii U.; IRAM, St. Martin d'Heres; Perimeter Inst. Theor. Phys.; Waterloo U.; U. Waterloo (main); Massachusetts U., Amherst; Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U.; Chicago U., EFI; Princeton U.; Clemson U.; LSST, Tucson; Arizona U.; Cornell U., Radio. Space Res. Ctr.; Yonsei U.; Fairfield U.; Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.; Mexico U.; Frankfurt U.; Shanghai Jiao Tong U.; Columbia U., Astron. Astrophys.; Naples U.; INFN, Naples; U. Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Sch. Phys.; Pretoria U.; Rhodes U.; ASTRON, Dwingeloo; LESIA, Meudon; Colorado U.; NAOC, Beijing; Las Cumbres Observ.; UC, Santa Barbara; NRAO, Charlottesville; MIT; IBM Watson Res. Ctr.; Wurzburg U.; Sao Paulo U.; Sao Paulo, Inst. Astron. Geofis.; Southern Denmark U., CP3-Origins; INAOE, Puebla; Conacyt, Mexico; Groningen U.; Peking U.; Peking U., Beijing, KIAA; Tokyo U.; Tokyo, Inst. Statistical Math.; Tokyo U., IPMU; Unlisted, US, MA; Integrated Applied Physics, Waltham; KAIST, Taejon; Niigata U.; Taiwan, Natl. Normal U.; Taiwan, Natl. Taiwan U.; Nanjing U., Dept. Astron.; Key Lab. Mod. Astron. Astrophys., MOE, Nanjing; INAF-IRA, Bologna; UNAM, Morelia, Inst. Radioastron. Astrophys.; Yunnan Observ.; Shanghai Jiaotong U.; IRAM, Granada; Hachinohe Inst. Tech.; Georgia Tech., Atlanta; Kyung Hee U.; Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.; Toronto U., Astron. Dept.; Canadian Inst. Advanced Res.; Aalto U.; Frankfurt U., FIAS; Trinity Coll., Dublin; Central Lancashire U.; Fujitsu, Atsugi; Lethbridge U.; NWO, The Hague; Tohoku U., IIAIR; Tohoku U., Astron. Inst.; Seoul Natl. U., Dept. Phys. Astron.; New Mexico U.; Brandeis U.; Tuorla Observ.; Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study; Hua-Zhong U. Sci. Tech.; Mullard Space Sci. Lab.; Fudan U.; Hefei, CUST; Michigan State U.; INFN, Pisa; Cal State, L.A.; Bari Polytechnic; INFN, Bari; Stanford U., HEPL; KIPAC, Menlo Park; Stanford U., Phys. Dept.; INFN, Turin; Turin U.; Ecole Polytechnique; IASF, Milan; ASI, Rome; Naval Research Lab, Wash., D.C.; INFN, Rome2; Rome Observ.; U. Perugia (main); INFN, Perugia; Madrid U.; Ruhr U., Bochum; Rome U., Tor Vergata; U. Paris-Saclay; NASA, Goddard; Royal Inst. Tech., Stockholm; Stockholm U., OKC; NASA, Marshall; Northrop-Grumman; Maryland U., Baltimore County; Hiroshima U., HASC; Vatican Astron. Observ.; Louisiana State U., Math. Dept.; Padua Observ.; Innsbruck U., Inst. Astrophys.; Madrid, IFT; Madrid, Autonoma U.; UC, Santa Cruz, Inst. Part. Phys.; UC, Santa Cruz; NYCB Real-Time Computing; Purdue U., Calumet; Nagoya U., ISEE; KMI, Nagoya; ICE, Barcelona; ICREA, Barcelona; Barcelona, Autonoma U.; Nova Gorica U.; Dublin Inst.; Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst.; Yerevan State U.; Tomsk Polytechnic U.; Heidelberg Observ.; DESY, Zeuthen; U. Potsdam (main); APC, Paris; Linkoping U.; Parma U.; INFN, Parma; Humboldt U., Berlin; LUTH, Meudon; LPNHE, Paris; IRFU, Saclay; JAI, UK; Erlangen - Nuremberg U., ECAP; Warsaw U. Observ.; Cracow, INP; Hamburg U.; U. Montpellier 2, LUPM; Adelaide U.; Marseille, CPPM; Tubingen U., IAAT; Innsbruck U.; Jagiellonian U.; Namibia U.; Torun, Copernicus Astron. Ctr.; Warsaw, Copernicus Astron. Ctr.; LP2I, Bordeaux; Leicester U.; Konan U.; Zurich, ETH; Siena U.; Barcelona, IFAE; Barcelona U.; IAA, Granada; INAF, Rome; Udine U.; Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE; INFM, Padua; Zagreb U.; Rio de Janeiro, CBPF; HIAST; IAC, La Laguna; Laguna U., Tenerife; Lodz U.; Madrid, CIEMAT; Pisa U.; Bergen U.; Rijeka U.; Tech. U., Dortmund (main); ICRANet, Yerevan; Split U.; Boskovic Inst., Zagreb; Tokai U., Hiratsuka; Geneva U.; Saha Inst.; Sofiya, Inst. Nucl. Res.; Yamagata U.; Oulu U.; Chiba U.; Kyoto U.; ICRA, Rome; PIC, Bellaterra; Oslo U.; Columbia U.; Delaware U.; U. Utah, Salt Lake City; Unlisted; Cal State, East Bay; Minnesota U.; Iowa U.; Iowa State U.; DePauw U.; University Coll., Dublin; Dartmouth Coll.; Maryland U.; Natl. U. of Ireland, Galway; Purdue U.; UCLA; Queen's U., Kingston; Potsdam, Max Planck Inst.; Ruhr U., Astron. Inst.; University Coll., Cork; Indiana U.-Purdue U., Indianapolis; Barnard Coll.; Alabama U.; Beijing Observ.; Xinjiang Astron. Obs., Urumqi; Yamaguchi U., Grad. School of Sci. Eng.; Yamaguchi U.; NARIT, Chiang Mai; Osaka Prefecture U.; Ibaraki U., Mito; Ahmedabad, Phys. Res. Lab
  28. MIT, LNS; Natl. Astron. Observ. of Japan; Harvard U. (main); Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.
  29. Granada U., Theor. Phys. Astrophys.
  30. Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.
  31. Harvard U. (main); Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.; Harvard U.; Texas U., San Antonio
  32. Academia Sinica, Taiwan
  33. Valencia U., Astro. Astrophys.; Valencia U., IFIC; Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.
  34. Chalmers U. Tech.; Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.
  35. Arizona U., Astron. Dept. - Steward Observ.
  36. MIT, LNS
  37. Illinois U., Urbana
  38. Fermilab; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.
  39. Subaru Telescope
  40. Harvard U. (main); Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.; Harvard U.
  41. Caltech
  42. East Asian Observ.; Hawaii U.
  43. IRAM, St. Martin d'Heres
  44. Perimeter Inst. Theor. Phys.; Waterloo U.; Waterloo U., IQC
  45. Nijmegen U., IMAPP
  46. Massachusetts U., Amherst
  47. Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U.; Chicago U., EFI
  48. Princeton U.
  49. Arizona U., Astron. Dept. - Steward Observ.; Clemson U.; LSST, Tucson; Arizona U.
  50. Cornell U., Radio. Space Res. Ctr.
  51. East Asian Observ.
  52. Shanghai, Astron. Observ.; Nanjing U. Sci. Tech.
  53. Granada U., Theor. Phys. Astrophys.; KASI, DaeJeon; Yonsei U.
  54. Fairfield U.
  55. Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.; Harvard U.
  56. Chalmers U. Tech.
  57. Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., KICP
  58. UNAM, Inst. Astron.; Frankfurt U.
  59. Columbia U., Astron. Astrophys.; Flatiron Inst., New York; Nijmegen U., IMAPP
  60. INFN, Naples; Naples U.
  61. U. Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Sch. Phys.; Pretoria U.; Rhodes U.
  62. Subaru Telescope; ASTRON, Dwingeloo
  63. Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.; LESIA, Meudon
  64. Colorado U.
  65. Shanghai Jiao Tong U.
  66. IRAM, St. Martin d'Heres; Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.
  67. NAOC, Beijing; Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.
  68. Las Cumbres Observ.; UC, Santa Barbara
  69. NRAO, Charlottesville
  70. MIT; Unlisted, US, MA
  71. Wurzburg U.; Frankfurt U.; Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.
  72. Illinois U., Urbana; Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.
  73. Southern Denmark U., CP3-Origins
  74. INAOE, Puebla; Conacyt, Mexico
  75. Shanghai, Astron. Observ.
  76. Kapteyn Astron. Inst., Groningen
  77. Peking U.; Peking U., Beijing, KIAA
  78. Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Subaru Telescope
  79. KASI, DaeJeon; Tokyo, Grad. U. Adv. Stud.; Natl. Astron. Observ. of Japan; Tokyo U.
  80. INAOE, Puebla
  81. Natl. Astron. Observ. of Japan; Tokyo, Inst. Statistical Math.; Tokyo U., IPMU
  82. Leiden Observ.; NRAO, Charlottesville
  83. Harvard U.; Baltimore, Space Telescope Sci.
  84. Unlisted, US, MA
  85. Nijmegen U., IMAPP; Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.
  86. Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.
  87. ASTRON, Dwingeloo
  88. KAIST, Taejon
  89. Frankfurt U.
  90. KASI, DaeJeon; Tokyo U.
  91. Niigata U.; Academia Sinica, Taiwan
  92. Taiwan, Natl. Normal U.; Academia Sinica, Taiwan
  93. Nanjing U., Dept. Astron.; Key Lab. Mod. Astron. Astrophys., MOE, Nanjing
  94. Bologna, Ist. Radioastronomia; Granada U., Theor. Phys. Astrophys.
  95. Bologna Observ.
  96. Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Taiwan, Natl. Taiwan U.
  97. UNAM, Morelia, Inst. Radioastron. Astrophys.
  98. Yunnan Observ.; NAOC, Beijing
  99. Bologna Observ.; Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.
  100. Valencia U., Astro. Astrophys.; Valencia U., IFIC
  101. Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.; Baltimore, Space Telescope Sci.
  102. Shanghai Jiao Tong U.; Shanghai Jiaotong U.; Frankfurt U.
  103. McGill U., Montreal (main); McGill U.; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.
  104. Frankfurt U.; KASI, DaeJeon
  105. Amsterdam U., Astron. Inst.
  106. Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.; Nijmegen U., IMAPP
  107. Amsterdam U., Astron. Inst.; Nijmegen U., IMAPP
  108. IRAM, Granada
  109. Natl. Astron. Observ. of Japan; Tokyo, Grad. U. Adv. Stud.
  110. Hachinohe Inst. Tech.; Academia Sinica, Taiwan
  111. Harvard U.; Harvard U. (main); Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.
  112. RCAAM, Academy of Athens; Frankfurt U.
  113. Waterloo U.; Waterloo U., IQC; Perimeter Inst. Theor. Phys.
  114. Georgia Tech
  115. Kyung Hee U.
  116. Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Perimeter Inst. Theor. Phys.; Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.; U. Toronto, Dunlap Inst. Astron. Astrophys.; Canadian Inst. Advanced Res.
  117. Amsterdam U., Astron. Inst.; Frankfurt U.
  118. Gemini Observ., Hilo; Subaru Telescope
  119. Frankfurt U.; Frankfurt U., FIAS; Trinity Coll., Dublin
  120. Harvard U.; Harvard U. (main); Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.; Nijmegen U., IMAPP
  121. Aalto U.; Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.
  122. Peking U., Beijing, KIAA; Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.
  123. KASI, DaeJeon; KISTI, Daejeon; Yonsei U.
  124. Central Lancashire U.
  125. Peking U.; Peking U., SKLNPT
  126. Fujitsu, Atsugi
  127. Lethbridge U.
  128. Arizona U., Astron. Dept. - Steward Observ.; Nijmegen U., IMAPP; Leiden Observ.; NWO, The Hague
  129. Tohoku U., IIAIR; Tohoku U., Astron. Inst.
  130. IRAM, Granada; Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.
  131. Granada U., Theor. Phys. Astrophys.; Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.
  132. Seoul Natl. U., Dept. Phys. Astron.
  133. Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.
  134. ASTRON, Dwingeloo; Leiden Observ.; New Mexico U.
  135. Brandeis U.
  136. Tuorla Observ.
  137. Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study; Princeton U.
  138. Hua-Zhong U. Sci. Tech.
  139. Mullard Space Sci. Lab.; Frankfurt U.
  140. Fudan U.
  141. Hefei, CUST
  142. Michigan State U.
  143. INFN, Pisa
  144. Cal State, L.A.
  145. Bari Polytechnic; INFN, Bari
  146. Stanford U., HEPL; KIPAC, Menlo Park; Stanford U., Phys. Dept.
  147. INFN, Turin; Turin U.
  148. LLR, Palaiseau
  149. IASF, Milan
  150. ASI, Rome
  151. Naval Research Lab, Wash., D.C.
  152. INFN, Rome2; Rome Observ.; ASI, Rome
  153. U. Perugia (main); INFN, Perugia
  154. INFN, Perugia
  155. Madrid U.
  156. INFN, Bari
  157. Ruhr U., Bochum
  158. INFN, Rome2; Rome U., Tor Vergata
  159. U. Perugia (main)
  160. INFN, Bari; Bari Polytechnic
  161. AIM, Saclay
  162. NASA, Goddard
  163. Royal Inst. Tech., Stockholm; Stockholm U., OKC
  164. NASA, Marshall
  165. Trieste U.; INFN, Trieste
  166. Northrop-Grumman
  167. INFN, Turin
  168. INFN, Perugia; U. Perugia (main)
  169. NASA, Goddard; Maryland U., Baltimore County
  170. Hiroshima U., HASC
  171. Stanford U., HEPL; KIPAC, Menlo Park; Stanford U., Phys. Dept.; Vatican Astron. Observ.
  172. INFN, Rome2
  173. Louisiana State U., Math. Dept.
  174. INFN, Trieste; Trieste U.; Stanford U., HEPL; KIPAC, Menlo Park; Stanford U., Phys. Dept.
  175. INFN, Trieste; Padua Observ.
  176. Innsbruck U., Inst. Astrophys.
  177. Madrid, IFT; Madrid, Autonoma U.
  178. Nagoya U., ISEE; KMI, Nagoya
  179. UC, Santa Cruz, Inst. Part. Phys.; UC, Santa Cruz
  180. NYCB Real-Time Computing
  181. Purdue U., Calumet
  182. ICE, Barcelona; ICREA, Barcelona; Barcelona, Autonoma U.
  183. Nova Gorica U.
  184. Dublin Inst.; Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst.; Yerevan State U.; Tomsk Polytechnic U.
  185. Heidelberg Observ.
  186. Ecole Polytechnique
  187. Namibia U.; Potchefstroom U.
  188. DESY, Zeuthen; Ruhr U., Bochum
  189. U. Potsdam (main)
  190. APC, Paris; Linkoping U.
  191. DESY, Zeuthen; Parma U.; INFN, Parma; Humboldt U., Berlin
  192. LUTH, Meudon
  193. LPNHE, Paris
  194. IRFU, Saclay
  195. Parma U.; INFN, Parma; Humboldt U., Berlin
  196. Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst.
  197. Dublin Inst.
  198. JAI, UK
  199. Erlangen - Nuremberg U., ECAP
  200. Warsaw U. Observ.
  201. Cracow, INP
  202. Hamburg U.
  203. APC, Paris
  204. U. Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Sch. Phys.
  205. DESY, Zeuthen
  206. U. Montpellier 2, LUPM
  207. Adelaide U.
  208. Marseille, CPPM
  209. Tubingen U., IAAT
  210. Innsbruck U.
  211. Jagiellonian U., Astron. Observ.
  212. Namibia U.
  213. Torun, Copernicus Astron. Ctr.
  214. Warsaw, Copernicus Astron. Ctr.
  215. LP2I, Bordeaux
  216. Leicester U.
  217. APC, Paris; Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst.
  218. Yerevan Phys. Inst.
  219. Konan U.
  220. Tokyo U., IPMU
  221. Heidelberg Observ.; Potchefstroom U.
  222. Zurich, ETH
  223. INFN, Pisa; Siena U.
  224. Barcelona, IFAE
  225. Barcelona U.
  226. IAA, Granada
  227. INAF, Rome
  228. Udine U.; INFN, Trieste; ICRA, Rome
  229. Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE
  230. INFM, Padua
  231. Zagreb U.
  232. Rio de Janeiro, CBPF
  233. HIAST; Madrid U.
  234. IAC, La Laguna; Laguna U., Tenerife
  235. Lodz U.
  236. Madrid, CIEMAT
  237. Udine U.; INFN, Trieste
  238. Barcelona, Autonoma U.
  239. Pisa U.
  240. Bergen U.
  241. Barcelona, IFAE; PIC, Bellaterra; Madrid, CIEMAT
  242. Rijeka U.
  243. Wurzburg U.
  244. Tech. U., Dortmund (main)
  245. ICRANet, Yerevan
  246. Split U.
  247. Boskovic Inst., Zagreb
  248. Turku U.
  249. Bergen U.; Oslo U.
  250. Tokai U., Hiratsuka
  251. ISDC, Versoix
  252. Saha Inst.
  253. Sofiya, Inst. Nucl. Res.
  254. Tokyo U., ICRR; Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE
  255. Yamagata U.
  256. Oulu U.
  257. Chiba U.
  258. KMI, Nagoya
  259. Kyoto U.
  260. Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE; Tokyo U., ICRR
  261. Columbia U.; Columbia U., Astron. Astrophys.
  262. Delaware U.
  263. Utah U.
  264. Unlisted
  265. Minnesota U.
  266. Cal State, East Bay
  267. UC, Santa Cruz, Inst. Part. Phys.
  268. Harvard U.; Dartmouth Coll.
  269. Maryland U.; NASA, Goddard
  270. UCLA; Alabama U.
  271. Iowa U.
  272. DePauw U.
  273. Iowa State U.
  274. Maryland U.
  275. Natl. U. of Ireland, Galway
  276. University Coll., Dublin
  277. Barnard Coll.
  278. UCLA
  279. McGill U.; Queen's U., Kingston
  280. Potsdam U.; DESY, Zeuthen
  281. Ruhr U., Astron. Inst.
  282. University Coll., Cork
  283. Alabama U.
  284. Purdue U.
  285. Indiana U.-Purdue U., Indianapolis
  286. Maryland U., Baltimore County; NASA, Goddard
  287. Shanghai, Astron. Observ.; Beijing Observ.
  288. Shanghai, Astron. Observ.; NAOC, Beijing; Xinjiang Astron. Obs., Urumqi
  289. KASI, DaeJeon; Tokyo, Grad. U. Adv. Stud.; Natl. Astron. Observ. of Japan
  290. NAOC, Beijing; Xinjiang Astron. Obs., Urumqi
  291. Yamaguchi U., Grad. School of Sci. Eng.; Yamaguchi U.
  292. NARIT, Chiang Mai
  293. Osaka Prefecture U.
  294. Ibaraki U., Mito

Context. The nearby elliptical galaxy M87 contains one of only two supermassive black holes whose emission surrounding the event horizon has been imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). In 2018, more than two dozen multi-wavelength (MWL) facilities (from radio to γ-ray energies) took part in the second M87 EHT campaign.Aims. The goal of this extensive MWL campaign was to better understand the physics of the accreting black hole M87*, the relationship between the inflow and inner jets, and the high-energy particle acceleration. Understanding the complex astrophysics is also a necessary first step towards performing further tests of general relativity.Methods. The MWL campaign took place in April 2018, overlapping with the EHT M87* observations. We present a new, contemporaneous spectral energy distribution (SED) ranging from radio to very high-energy (VHE) γ-rays as well as details of the individual observations and light curves. We also conducted phenomenological modelling to investigate the basic source properties.Results. We present the first VHE γ-ray flare from M87 detected since 2010. The flux above 350 GeV more than doubled within a period of ≈36 hours. We find that the X-ray flux is enhanced by about a factor of two compared to 2017, while the radio and millimetre core fluxes are consistent between 2017 and 2018. We detect evidence for a monotonically increasing jet position angle that corresponds to variations in the bright spot of the EHT image.Conclusions. Our results show the value of continued MWL monitoring together with precision imaging for addressing the origins of high-energy particle acceleration. While we cannot currently pinpoint the precise location where such acceleration takes place, the new VHE γ-ray flare already presents a challenge to simple one-zone leptonic emission model approaches, and it emphasises the need for combined image and spectral modelling.Key words: galaxies: active / galaxies: individual: M 87 / galaxies: jets / galaxies: nuclei‡ NASA Hubble Fellowship Program, Einstein Fellow.

Research Organization:
AIM, Saclay; APC, Paris; ASI, Rome; ASTRON, Dwingeloo; Aalto U.; Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Adelaide U.; Ahmedabad, Phys. Res. Lab; Alabama U.; Amsterdam U., Astron. Inst.; Arizona U.; Arizona U., Astron. Dept. - Steward Observ.; Baltimore, Space Telescope Sci.; Barcelona U.; Barcelona, Autonoma U.; Barcelona, IFAE; Bari Polytechnic; Barnard Coll.; Beijing Observ.; Bergen U.; Bologna Observ.; Bologna, Ist. Radioastronomia; Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.; Boskovic Inst., Zagreb; Boston U.; Brandeis U.; CCA, New York; Cal State, East Bay; Cal State, L.A.; Caltech; Canadian Inst. Advanced Res.; Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.; Central Lancashire U.; Chalmers U. Tech.; Chiba U.; Chicago U.; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP; Clemson U.; Colorado U.; Columbia U.; Columbia U., Astron. Astrophys.; Conacyt, Mexico; Concepcion U.; Cornell U., Radio. Space Res. Ctr.; Cracow, INP; DESY, Zeuthen; Dartmouth Coll.; DePauw U.; Delaware U.; Dublin Inst.; East Asian Observ.; Ecole Polytechnique; Erlangen - Nuremberg U., ECAP; Fairfield U.; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Flatiron Inst., New York; Frankfurt U.; Frankfurt U., FIAS; Fudan U.; Fujitsu, Atsugi; Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE; Gemini Observ., Hilo; Geneva U.; Georgia Tech; Georgia Tech., Atlanta; Granada U., Theor. Phys. Astrophys.; Groningen U.; HIAST; Hachinohe Inst. Tech.; Hamburg U.; Harvard U.; Harvard U. (main); Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.; Hawaii U.; Hefei, CUST; Heidelberg Observ.; Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst.; Hiroshima U.; Hiroshima U., HASC; Hua-Zhong U. Sci. Tech.; Humboldt U., Berlin; IAA, Granada; IAC, La Laguna; IASF, Milan; IBM Watson Res. Ctr.; ICE, Barcelona; ICRA, Rome; ICRANet, Yerevan; ICREA, Barcelona; INAF, Rome; INAF-IRA, Bologna; INAOE, Puebla; INFM, Padua; INFN, Bari; INFN, Naples; INFN, Parma; INFN, Perugia; INFN, Pisa; INFN, Rome2; INFN, Trieste; INFN, Turin; IRAM, Granada; IRAM, St. Martin d'Heres; IRFU, Saclay; ISDC, Versoix; Ibaraki U., Mito; Illinois U., Urbana; Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.; Indiana U.-Purdue U., Indianapolis; Innsbruck U.; Innsbruck U., Inst. Astrophys.; Integrated Applied Physics, Waltham; Iowa State U.; Iowa U.; JAI, UK; Jagiellonian U.; Jagiellonian U., Astron. Observ.; KAIST, Taejon; KASI, DaeJeon; KISTI, Daejeon; KMI, Nagoya; Kapteyn Astron. Inst., Groningen; Key Lab. Mod. Astron. Astrophys., MOE, Nanjing; Kogakuin U.; Konan U.; Kyoto U.; Kyung Hee U.; LESIA, Meudon; LLR, Palaiseau; LP2I, Bordeaux; LPNHE, Paris; LSST, Tucson; LUTH, Meudon; Laguna U., Tenerife; Las Cumbres Observ.; Leicester U.; Leiden Observ.; Lethbridge U.; Linkoping U.; Lodz U.; Louisiana State U., Math. Dept.; MIT; MIT, LNS; Madrid U.; Madrid, Autonoma U.; Madrid, CIEMAT; Madrid, IFT; Malaya U.; Marseille, CPPM; Maryland U.; Maryland U., Baltimore County; Massachusetts U., Amherst; McGill U.; McGill U., Montreal (main); Mexico U.; Michigan State U.; Minnesota U.; Mullard Space Sci. Lab.; NAOC, Beijing; NARIT, Chiang Mai; NASA, Goddard; NASA, Marshall; NRAO, Charlottesville; NWO, The Hague; NYCB Real-Time Computing; Nagoya U.; Nagoya U., ISEE; Namibia U.; Nanjing U. Sci. Tech.; Nanjing U., Dept. Astron.; Naples U.; Natl. Astron. Observ. of Japan; Natl. U. of Ireland, Galway; Naval Research Lab, Wash., D.C.; New Mexico U.; Niigata U.; Nijmegen U., IMAPP; Northrop-Grumman; Northwestern U.; Northwestern U. (main); Nova Gorica U.; Osaka Prefecture U.; Oslo U.; Oulu U.; PIC, Bellaterra; Padua Observ.; Parma U.; Peking U.; Peking U., Beijing, KIAA; Peking U., SKLNPT; Penn State U., Astron. Astrophys.; Perimeter Inst. Theor. Phys.; Pisa U.; Potchefstroom U.; Potsdam U.; Potsdam, Max Planck Inst.; Pretoria U.; Princeton U.; Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.; Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study; Purdue U.; Purdue U., Calumet; Queen's U., Kingston; RCAAM, Academy of Athens; Rhodes U.; Rijeka U.; Rio de Janeiro, CBPF; Rome Observ.; Rome U., Tor Vergata; Royal Inst. Tech., Stockholm; Ruhr U., Astron. Inst.; Ruhr U., Bochum; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Saha Inst.; Sao Paulo U.; Sao Paulo, Inst. Astron. Geofis.; Seoul Natl. U., Dept. Phys. Astron.; Shanghai Jiao Tong U.; Shanghai Jiaotong U.; Shanghai, Astron. Observ.; Siena U.; Sofiya, Inst. Nucl. Res.; Southern Denmark U., CP3-Origins; Split U.; Stanford U., HEPL; Stanford U., Phys. Dept.; Stockholm U., OKC; Subaru Telescope; Taejon, Elect. Telecomm. Res. Inst.; Taiwan, Natl. Normal U.; Taiwan, Natl. Taiwan U.; Tech. U., Dortmund (main); Texas U., San Antonio; Tohoku U., Astron. Inst.; Tohoku U., IIAIR; Tokai U., Hiratsuka; Tokyo U.; Tokyo U., ICRR; Tokyo U., IPMU; Tokyo, Grad. U. Adv. Stud.; Tokyo, Inst. Statistical Math.; Tomsk Polytechnic U.; Toronto U., Astron. Dept.; Torun, Copernicus Astron. Ctr.; Trieste U.; Trinity Coll., Dublin; Tubingen U., IAAT; Tuorla Observ.; Turin U.; Turku U.; U. Amsterdam, GRAPPA; U. Montpellier 2, LUPM; U. Paris-Saclay; U. Perugia (main); U. Potsdam (main); U. Toronto, Dunlap Inst. Astron. Astrophys.; U. Utah, Salt Lake City; U. Waterloo (main); U. Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Sch. Phys.; UC, Santa Barbara; UC, Santa Cruz; UC, Santa Cruz, Inst. Part. Phys.; UCLA; UNAM, Inst. Astron.; UNAM, Morelia, Inst. Radioastron. Astrophys.; Udine U.; University Coll., Cork; University Coll., Dublin; Unlisted; Unlisted, CN; Unlisted, US, MA; Utah U.; Valencia U.; Valencia U., Astro. Astrophys.; Valencia U., IFIC; Vatican Astron. Observ.; Villanova U.; Warsaw U. Observ.; Warsaw, Copernicus Astron. Ctr.; Washington U., St. Louis; Waterloo U.; Waterloo U., IQC; Wurzburg U.; Xinjiang Astron. Obs., Urumqi; Yale Ctr. Astron. Astrophys.; Yale U., Dept. Astron.; Yamagata U.; Yamaguchi U.; Yamaguchi U., Grad. School of Sci. Eng.; Yerevan Phys. Inst.; Yerevan State U.; Yonsei U.; Yunnan Observ.; Zagreb U.; Zurich, ETH
Sponsoring Organization:
US Department of Energy
Grant/Contract Number:
89243024CSC000002; AC02-07CH11359
OSTI ID:
2477654
Report Number(s):
FERMILAB-PUB-24-0804-PPD; oai:inspirehep.net:2781739; arXiv:2404.17623
Journal Information:
Astron.Astrophys., Journal Name: Astron.Astrophys. Vol. 692
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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