Earth's record-high greenness and its attributions in 2020

Zhang, Yulong; Mao, Jiafu; Sun, Ge; Guo, Qinfeng; Atkins, Jeffrey; Li, Wenhong; Jin, Mingzhou; Song, Conghe; Xiao, Jingfeng; Hwang, Taehee; Qiu, Tong; Meng, Lin; Ricciuto, Daniel M.; Shi, Xiaoying; Li, Xing; Thornton, Peter E.; Hoffman, Forrest

doi:10.1016/j.rse.2024.114494

Title: Earth's record-high greenness and its attributions in 2020

Journal Article · 12 November 2024 · Remote Sensing of Environment

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2024.114494 · OSTI ID:2477490

Zhang, Yulong ^[1];

^[2]; Sun, Ge ^[3]; Guo, Qinfeng ^[3]; Atkins, Jeffrey ^[4]; Li, Wenhong ^[5]; Jin, Mingzhou ^[6]; Song, Conghe ^[7]; Xiao, Jingfeng ^[8]; Hwang, Taehee ^[9]; Qiu, Tong ^[5]; Meng, Lin ^[10];

^[2];

^[2]; Li, Xing ^[11];

^[2];

^[2]

USDA Forest Service, Research Triangle Park, NC (United States); Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
USDA Forest Service, Research Triangle Park, NC (United States)
USDA Forest Service, New Ellenton, SC (United States)
Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States)
Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States)
Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN (United States)
Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States)
Sun Yat-Sen Univ., Guangzhou (China)

Terrestrial vegetation is a crucial component of Earth's biosphere, regulating global carbon and water cycles and contributing to human welfare. Despite an overall greening trend, terrestrial vegetation exhibits a significant inter-annual variability. The mechanisms driving this variability, particularly those related to climatic and anthropogenic factors, remain poorly understood, which hampers our ability to project the long-term sustainability of ecosystem services. Here, in this work, by leveraging diverse remote sensing measurements, we pinpointed 2020 as a historic landmark, registering as the greenest year in modern satellite records from 2001 to 2020. Using ensemble machine learning and Earth system models, we found this exceptional greening primarily stemmed from consistent growth in boreal and temperate vegetation, attributed to rising CO₂ levels, climate warming, and reforestation efforts, alongside a transient tropical green-up linked to the enhanced rainfall. Contrary to expectations, the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns had a limited impact on this global greening anomaly. Our findings highlight the resilience and dynamic nature of global vegetation in response to diverse climatic and anthropogenic influences, offering valuable insights for optimizing ecosystem management and informing climate mitigation strategies.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 2477490

Journal Information:: Remote Sensing of Environment, Journal Name: Remote Sensing of Environment Vol. 316; ISSN 0034-4257

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Earth's record-high greenness and its attributions in 2020

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