Unlocking Electrostrain in Plastically Deformed Barium Titanate

Zhuo, Fangping; Wang, Bo; Cheng, Long; Zatterin, Edoardo; Jiang, Tianshu; Ni, Fan; Breckner, Patrick; Li, Yan; Guiblin, Nicolas; Isaia, Daniel; Luo, Nengneng; Fulanovic, Lovro; Molina‐Luna, Leopoldo; Dkhil, Brahim; Chen, Long‐Qing; Rödel, Jürgen

doi:10.1002/adma.202413713

Title: Unlocking Electrostrain in Plastically Deformed Barium Titanate

Journal Article · 31 October 2024 · Advanced Materials

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202413713 · OSTI ID:2476134

^[1];

^[2]; Cheng, Long ^[3];

^[4];

^[1]; Ni, Fan ^[1]; Breckner, Patrick ^[1]; Li, Yan ^[5];

^[3]; Isaia, Daniel ^[1];

^[6]; Fulanovic, Lovro ^[1];

^[1];

^[3];

^[7]; Rödel, Jürgen ^[1]

Technical Univ. of Darmstadt (Germany)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble (France)
Osaka Univ. (Japan)
Guangxi Univ., Nanning (China)
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)

Achieving substantial electrostrain alongside a large effective piezoelectric strain coefficient (d₃₃*) in piezoelectric materials remains a formidable challenge for advanced actuator applications. Here, in this work, a straightforward approach to enhance these properties by strategically designing the domain structure and controlling the domain switching through the introduction of arrays of ordered {100}<100> dislocations is proposed. This dislocation engineering yields an intrinsic lock-in steady–state electrostrain of 0.69% at a low field of 10 kV cm^-1 without external stress and an output strain energy density of 5.24 J cm^-3 in single-crystal BaTiO₃, outperforming the benchmark piezoceramics and relaxor ferroelectric single-crystals. Additionally, applying a compression stress of 6 MPa fully unlocks electrostrains exceeding 1%, yielding a remarkable d₃₃* value over 10 000 pm V^-1 and achieving a record-high strain energy density of 11.67 J cm^-3. Optical and transmission electron microscopy, paired with laboratory and synchrotron X-ray diffraction, is employed to rationalize the observed electrostrain. Phase-field simulations further elucidate the impact of charged dislocations on domain nucleation and domain switching. These findings present an effective and sustainable strategy for developing high-performance, lead-free piezoelectric materials without the need for additional chemical elements, offering immense potential for actuator technologies.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 2476134

Report Number(s):: LLNL--JRNL-869183; 1105744

Journal Information:: Advanced Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Materials Journal Issue: 52 Vol. 32; ISSN 0935-9648

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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