Tetraquarks made of sufficiently unequal-mass heavy quarks are bound in QCD

Assi, Benoît; Wagman, Michael L.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.110.094001

Title: Tetraquarks made of sufficiently unequal-mass heavy quarks are bound in QCD

Journal Article · 04 November 2024 · Physical Review. D.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.110.094001 · OSTI ID:2476073

;

Tetraquarks, bound states composed of two quarks and two antiquarks, have been the subject of intense study but are challenging to understand from first principles. We apply variational and Green’s function Monte Carlo methods to compute tetraquark ground-state energies in potential nonrelativistic QCD using a wide range of color and spatial wave functions. We find no evidence for bound tetraquarks composed of equal-mass quarks and antiquarks. Conversely, we find clear evidence for the existence of bound tetraquarks for sufficiently unequal quark/antiquark mass ratios at all overall mass scales where our effective theory results are applicable. We predict the critical mass ratios for bound state formation and study tetraquark bound states’ spatial and color structure at leading order and next-to-leading order in potential nonrelativistic QCD. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11359

OSTI ID:: 2476073

Journal Information:: Physical Review. D., Journal Name: Physical Review. D. Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 110; ISSN PRVDAQ; ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (104)

Zur Quantentheorie der Molekeln Born, M.; Oppenheimer, R. Annalen der Physik, Vol. 389, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.19273892002	journal	January 1927
�ber den Grundzustand des Heliumatoms Hylleraas, Egil A. Zeitschrift f�r Physik, Vol. 48, Issue 7-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01340013	journal	July 1928
�ber die Elektronenterme des Wasserstoffmolek�ls Hylleraas, Egil A. Zeitschrift f�r Physik, Vol. 71, Issue 11-12 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01344443	journal	November 1931
�ber den Grundterm der Zweielektronenprobleme von H?, He, Li+, Be++ usw. Hylleraas, Egil A. Zeitschrift f�r Physik, Vol. 65, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01397032	journal	March 1930
Production and decay properties of ultra-heavy quarks Bigi, I.; Dokshitzer, Y.; Khoze, V. Physics Letters B, Vol. 181, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(86)91275-X	journal	November 1986
Effective lagrangians for bound state problems in QED, QCD, and other field theories Caswell, W. E.; Lepage, G. P. Physics Letters B, Vol. 167, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(86)91297-9	journal	February 1986
Exotic states in QCD Manohar, Aneesh V.; Wise, Mark B. Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 399, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(93)90614-U	journal	June 1993
Renormalons Beneke, M. Physics Reports, Vol. 317, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-1573(98)00130-6	journal	August 1999
The renormalization group improvement of the QCD static potentials Pineda, Antonio; Soto, Joan Physics Letters B, Vol. 495, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(00)01261-2	journal	December 2000
A quark mass definition adequate for threshold problems Beneke, M. Physics Letters B, Vol. 434, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00741-2	journal	August 1998
The heavy quarkonium spectrum at order mαs5lnαs Brambilla, Nora; Pineda, Antonio; Soto, Joan Physics Letters B, Vol. 470, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(99)01301-5	journal	December 1999
Potential NRQCD and heavy-quarkonium spectrum at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order Kniehl, Bernd A.; Penin, Alexander A.; Smirnov, Vladimir A. Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 635, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0550-3213(02)00403-0	journal	July 2002
Ultrasoft effects in heavy-quarkonium physics Kniehl, Bernd A.; Penin, Alexander A. Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 563, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0550-3213(99)00564-7	journal	December 1999
Potential NRQCD: an effective theory for heavy quarkonium Brambilla, Nora; Pineda, Antonio; Soto, Joan Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 566, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0550-3213(99)00693-8	journal	January 2000
Effective field theory for ultrasoft momenta in NRQCD and NRQED Pineda, A.; Soto, J. Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements, Vol. 64, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5632(97)01102-X	journal	May 1998
Positronium and Polyelectrons Czarnecki, Andrzej Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 827, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.05.118	journal	August 2009
Hunting for exotic doubly hidden-charm/bottom tetraquark states Chen, Wei; Chen, Hua-Xing; Liu, Xiang Physics Letters B, Vol. 773 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.08.034	journal	October 2017
Stability of tetrons Czarnecki, Andrzej; Leng, Bo; Voloshin, M. B. Physics Letters B, Vol. 778 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.01.034	journal	March 2018
Beauty-full tetraquarks Bai, Yang; Lu, Sida; Osborne, James Physics Letters B, Vol. 798 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.134930	journal	November 2019
The hidden-charm pentaquark and tetraquark states Chen, Hua-Xing; Chen, Wei; Liu, Xiang Physics Reports, Vol. 639 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2016.05.004	journal	June 2016
The X Y Z states: Experimental and theoretical status and perspectives Brambilla, Nora; Eidelman, Simon; Hanhart, Christoph Physics Reports, Vol. 873 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2020.05.001	journal	August 2020
Tetraquarks and pentaquarks in lattice QCD with light and heavy quarks Bicudo, Pedro Physics Reports, Vol. 1039 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2023.10.001	journal	November 2023
Review of heavy quarkonium at weak coupling Pineda, Antonio Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vol. 67, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2012.01.038	journal	July 2012
Heavy-quark QCD exotica Lebed, Richard F.; Mitchell, Ryan E.; Swanson, Eric S. Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vol. 93 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2016.11.003	journal	March 2017
Pentaquark and Tetraquark States Liu, Yan-Rui; Chen, Hua-Xing; Chen, Wei Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vol. 107 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2019.04.003	journal	July 2019
Observation of structure in the J/ψ-pair mass spectrum Science Bulletin, Vol. 65, Issue 23, p. 1983-1993 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2020.08.032	journal	August 2020
The Ground State of the Hydrogen Molecule James, Hubert M.; Coolidge, Albert Sprague The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 1, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1749252	journal	December 1933
Optimization of quantum Monte Carlo wave functions by energy minimization Toulouse, Julien; Umrigar, C. J. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 126, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2437215	journal	February 2007
A random‐walk simulation of the Schrödinger equation: H ⁺ ₃ Anderson, James B. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 63, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.431514	journal	August 1975
Quantum chemistry by random walk: Importance sampling for H+3 Mentch, Frank; Anderson, James B. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 74, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.441022	journal	June 1981
The CMP-invariance for symmetrical Coulomb four-body systems with unit charges Frolov, Alexei M.; Smith, Vedene H. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 29, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/29/11/008	journal	June 1996
Variational study of weakly coupled triply heavy baryons Jia, Yu Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2006, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2006/10/073	journal	October 2006
Path integral Monte Carlo ground state approach: formalism, implementation, and applications Yan, Yangqian; Blume, D. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 50, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/aa8d7f	journal	October 2017
An updated review of the new hadron states Chen, Hua-Xing; Chen, Wei; Liu, Xiang Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 86, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aca3b6	journal	December 2022
Observation of the Y(4230) and a new structure in * Ablikim, M.; Achasov, M. N.; Adlarson, P. Chinese Physics C, Vol. 46, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/ac945c	journal	November 2022
Review of Particle Physics Zyla, P. A.; Barnett, R. M.; Beringer, J. Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Vol. 2020, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptaa104	journal	August 2020
Review of Particle Physics Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Vol. 2022, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptac097	journal	August 2022
Binding Energy of the Positronium Molecule Sharma, R. R. Physical Review, Vol. 171, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.171.36	journal	July 1968
Binding Energy of the Positronium Molecule Hylleraas, Egil A.; Ore, Aadne Physical Review, Vol. 71, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.71.493	journal	April 1947
Divergence of Perturbation Theory in Quantum Electrodynamics Dyson, F. J. Physical Review, Vol. 85, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.85.631	journal	February 1952
Rare decays of the positronium ion and molecule, Ps− → e−γ and Ps2 → e+e−γ , γγ , e+e− Aslam, M. Jamil; Chen, Wen; Czarnecki, Andrzej Physical Review A, Vol. 104, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.104.052803	journal	November 2021
Binding energy of positronium molecules Ho, Y. K. Physical Review A, Vol. 33, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.33.3584	journal	May 1986
Lattice QCD investigation of a doubly-bottom b ¯ b ¯ u d tetraquark with quantum numbers I ( J P ) = 0 ( 1 + ) Leskovec, Luka; Meinel, Stefan; Pflaumer, Martin Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.100.014503	journal	July 2019
Construction of bbu¯d¯ tetraquark states on lattice with NRQCD bottom and HISQ up and down quarks Mohanta, Protick; Basak, Subhasish Physical Review D, Vol. 102, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.102.094516	journal	November 2020
Lattice investigation of exotic tetraquark channels Hudspith, R. J.; Colquhoun, B.; Francis, A. Physical Review D, Vol. 102, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.102.114506	journal	December 2020
Masses of doubly heavy tetraquarks with error bars Braaten, Eric; He, Li-Ping; Mohapatra, Abhishek Physical Review D, Vol. 103, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.103.016001	journal	January 2021
Pair structure of heavy tetraquark systems Huang, Guojun; Zhao, Jiaxing; Zhuang, Pengfei Physical Review D, Vol. 103, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.103.054014	journal	March 2021
Bayesian model averaging for analysis of lattice field theory results Jay, William I.; Neil, Ethan T. Physical Review D, Vol. 103, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.103.114502	journal	June 2021
Importance of meson-meson and of diquark-antidiquark creation operators for a b¯b¯ud tetraquark Bicudo, Pedro; Peters, Antje; Velten, Sebastian Physical Review D, Vol. 103, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.103.114506	journal	June 2021
Hunting for tetraquarks in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions Esposito, Angelo; Manzari, Claudio Andrea; Pilloni, Alessandro Physical Review D, Vol. 104, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.114029	journal	December 2021
Search for b¯b¯us and b¯c¯ud tetraquark bound states using lattice QCD Meinel, Stefan; Pflaumer, Martin; Wagner, Marc Physical Review D, Vol. 106, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.106.034507	journal	August 2022
Exotic tetraquark states with two b¯ quarks and JP=0+ and 1+ Bs states in a nonperturbatively tuned lattice NRQCD setup Hudspith, R. J.; Mohler, D. Physical Review D, Vol. 107, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.107.114510	journal	June 2023
Lattice study on a tetraquark state Tbb in the HAL QCD method Aoki, Takafumi; Aoki, Sinya; Inoue, Takashi Physical Review D, Vol. 108, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.108.054502	journal	September 2023
Baryons, multihadron systems, and composite dark matter in nonrelativistic QCD Assi, Benoît; Wagman, Michael L. Physical Review D, Vol. 108, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.108.096004	journal	November 2023
b¯b¯ud and b¯b¯us tetraquarks from lattice QCD using symmetric correlation matrices with both local and scattering interpolating operators Alexandrou, Constantia; Finkenrath, Jacob; Leontiou, Theodoros Physical Review D, Vol. 110, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.110.054510	journal	September 2024
Multiquark hadrons. I. Phenomenology of Q 2 Q ¯ 2 mesons Jaffe, R. J. Physical Review D, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.15.267	journal	January 1977
Multiquark hadrons. II. Methods Jaffe, R. L. Physical Review D, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.15.281	journal	January 1977
Do narrow heavy multiquark states exist? Ader, J. -P.; Richard, J. -M.; Taxil, P. Physical Review D, Vol. 25, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.25.2370	journal	May 1982
On the existence of stable dimesons Heller, L.; Tjon, J. A. Physical Review D, Vol. 35, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.35.969	journal	February 1987
Stability of dimesons Carlson, J.; Heller, L.; Tjon, J. A. Physical Review D, Vol. 37, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.37.744	journal	February 1988
Rigorous QCD analysis of inclusive annihilation and production of heavy quarkonium Bodwin, Geoffrey T.; Braaten, Eric; Lepage, G. Peter Physical Review D, Vol. 51, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.51.1125	journal	February 1995
Erratum: Rigorous QCD analysis of inclusive annihilation and production of heavy quarkonium [Phys. Rev. D 51 , 1125 (1995)] Bodwin, Geoffrey T.; Braaten, Eric; Lepage, G. Peter Physical Review D, Vol. 55, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.55.5853	journal	May 1997
Calculation of the quarkonium spectrum and m b , m c to order α s 4 Pineda, A.; Ynduráin, F. J. Physical Review D, Vol. 58, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.58.094022	journal	October 1998
Matching at one loop for the four-quark operators in NRQCD Pineda, A.; Soto, J. Physical Review D, Vol. 58, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.58.114011	journal	October 1998
Potential NRQED: The positronium case Pineda, A.; Soto, J. Physical Review D, Vol. 59, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.59.016005	journal	December 1998
Infrared behavior of the static potential in perturbative QCD Brambilla, Nora; Pineda, Antonio; Soto, Joan Physical Review D, Vol. 60, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.60.091502	journal	October 1999
Effective field theory Lagrangians for baryons with two and three heavy quarks Brambilla, Nora; Vairo, Antonio; Rösch, Thomas Physical Review D, Vol. 72, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.72.034021	journal	August 2005
Stability of multiquarks in a simple string model Vijande, J.; Valcarce, A.; Richard, J. -M. Physical Review D, Vol. 76, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.76.114013	journal	December 2007
Three-quark static potential in perturbation theory Brambilla, Nora; Ghiglieri, Jacopo; Vairo, Antonio Physical Review D, Vol. 81, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.81.054031	journal	March 2010
Heavy tetraquarks production at the LHC Berezhnoy, A. V.; Luchinsky, A. V.; Novoselov, A. A. Physical Review D, Vol. 86, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.86.034004	journal	August 2012
Tetraquark bound states in the heavy-light heavy-light system Brown, Zachary S.; Orginos, Kostas Physical Review D, Vol. 86, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.86.114506	journal	December 2012
Symmetries of the three-heavy-quark system and the color-singlet static energy at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic order Brambilla, Nora; Karbstein, Felix; Vairo, Antonio Physical Review D, Vol. 87, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.87.074014	journal	April 2013
Lattice QCD signal for a bottom-bottom tetraquark Bicudo, Pedro; Wagner, Marc Physical Review D, Vol. 87, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.87.114511	journal	June 2013
Color octet potential to three loops Anzai, Chihaya; Prausa, Mario; Smirnov, Alexander V. Physical Review D, Vol. 88, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.88.054030	journal	September 2013
Evidence for the existence of u d b ¯ b ¯ and the nonexistence of s s b ¯ b ¯ and c c b ¯ b ¯ tetraquarks from lattice QCD Bicudo, Pedro; Cichy, Krzysztof; Peters, Antje Physical Review D, Vol. 92, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.92.014507	journal	July 2015
Q Q Q ¯ Q ¯ states: Masses, production, and decays Karliner, Marek; Nussinov, Shmuel; Rosner, Jonathan L. Physical Review D, Vol. 95, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.95.034011	journal	February 2017
Relations between heavy-light meson and quark masses Brambilla, N.; Komijani, J.; Kronfeld, A. S. Physical Review D, Vol. 97, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.034503	journal	February 2018
Searching for beauty-fully bound tetraquarks using lattice nonrelativistic QCD Hughes, Ciaran; Eichten, Estia; Davies, Christine T. H. Physical Review D, Vol. 97, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.054505	journal	March 2018
Heavy-flavored tetraquark states with the Q Q Q ¯ Q ¯ configuration Wu, Jing; Liu, Yan-Rui; Chen, Kan Physical Review D, Vol. 97, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.094015	journal	May 2018
Study of doubly heavy tetraquarks in lattice QCD Junnarkar, Parikshit; Mathur, Nilmani; Padmanath, M. Physical Review D, Vol. 99, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.99.034507	journal	February 2019
Evidence for charm-bottom tetraquarks and the mass dependence of heavy-light tetraquark states from lattice QCD Francis, Anthony; Hudspith, Renwick J.; Lewis, Randy Physical Review D, Vol. 99, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.99.054505	journal	March 2019
Observation of Two Charged Bottomoniumlike Resonances in Υ ( 5 S ) Decays Bondar, A.; Garmash, A.; Mizuk, R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.122001	journal	March 2012
Optical Spectroscopy of Molecular Positronium Cassidy, D. B.; Hisakado, T. H.; Tom, H. W. K. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.133402	journal	March 2012
Observation of J / ψ ϕ Structures Consistent with Exotic States from Amplitude Analysis of B + → J / ψ ϕ K + Decays Aaij, R.; Adeva, B.; Adinolfi, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.022003	journal	January 2017
Lattice Prediction for Deeply Bound Doubly Heavy Tetraquarks Francis, A.; Hudspith, R. J.; Lewis, R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.142001	journal	April 2017
Heavy-Quark Symmetry Implies Stable Heavy Tetraquark Mesons Q i Q j q ¯ k q ¯ l Eichten, Estia J.; Quigg, Chris Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.202002	journal	November 2017
Signature of a Doubly Charm Tetraquark Pole in DD* Scattering on the Lattice Padmanath, M.; Prelovsek, S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 129, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.032002	journal	July 2022
Doubly Charmed Tetraquark Tcc+ from Lattice QCD near Physical Point Lyu, Yan; Aoki, Sinya; Doi, Takumi Physical Review Letters, Vol. 131, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.161901	journal	October 2023
New Structures in the 𝐽/𝜓⁢𝐽/𝜓 Mass Spectrum in Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV Hayrapetyan, A.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 132, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.111901	journal	March 2024
Bound Isoscalar Axial-Vector Tetraquark from Lattice QCD Using Two-Meson and Diquark-Antidiquark Variational Basis Padmanath, M.; Radhakrishnan, Archana; Mathur, Nilmani Physical Review Letters, Vol. 132, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.201902	journal	May 2024
Ground State of Excitonic Molecules by the Green's-Function Monte Carlo Method Lee, Michael A.; Vashishta, P.; Kalia, R. K. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 51, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.51.2422	journal	December 1983
Proof of stability of the hydrogen molecule Richard, J. -M.; Fröhlich, J.; Graf, G. -M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 71, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1332	journal	August 1993
Experiments with a High-Density Positronium Gas Cassidy, D. B.; Deng, S. H. M.; Greaves, R. G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 95, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.195006	journal	November 2005
Quantum Monte Carlo methods for nuclear physics Carlson, J.; Gandolfi, S.; Pederiva, F. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 87, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.87.1067	journal	September 2015
A new look at the statistical model identification Akaike, H. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol. 19, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1974.1100705	journal	December 1974
Polyelectrons Wheeler, John Archibald Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 48, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1946.tb31764.x	journal	October 1946
Heavy quarkonium: progress, puzzles, and opportunities Brambilla, N.; Eidelman, S.; Heltsley, B. K. The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 71, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1534-9	journal	February 2011
A first estimate of triply heavy baryon masses from the pNRQCD perturbative static potential Llanes-Estrada, Felipe J.; Pavlova, Olga I.; Williams, Richard The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 72, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-012-2019-9	journal	June 2012
QCD and strongly coupled gauge theories: challenges and perspectives Brambilla, N.; Eidelman, S.; Foka, P. The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 74, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-2981-5	journal	October 2014
Spectroscopy and decays of the fully-heavy tetraquarks Anwar, Muhammad Naeem; Ferretti, Jacopo; Guo, Feng-Kun The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 78, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6073-9	journal	August 2018
Geometric phase of Wannier–Stark ladders in alkaline-earth(-like) atoms Cai, De-Huan; Yi, Wei The European Physical Journal D, Vol. 75, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/s10053-020-00003-5	journal	January 2021
Four-quark hadrons: An updated review Esposito, Angelo; Guerrieri, Andrea L.; Piccinini, Fulvio International Journal of Modern Physics A, Vol. 30, Issue 04n05 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X15300021	journal	February 2015
More on Minimal Renormalon Subtraction Kronfeld, Andreas Proceedings of The 40th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory — PoS(LATTICE2023) https://doi.org/10.22323/1.453.0341	conference	May 2024
Atomic Nuclei From Quantum Monte Carlo Calculations With Chiral EFT Interactions Gandolfi, Stefano; Lonardoni, Diego; Lovato, Alessandro Frontiers in Physics, Vol. 8 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2020.00117	journal	April 2020

Similar Records

Photoproduction of fully charmed tetraquark at electron-ion colliders

Journal Article · 2024 · Physical Review. D. · OSTI ID:2440443

Feng, Feng; Huang, Yingsheng; Jia, Yu; +3 more

Tetraquarks from intrinsic heavy quarks

Journal Article · 2024 · Physical Review. D. · OSTI ID:2475210

Vogt, R.

Primordial Black Holes with QCD Color Charge

Journal Article · 2024 · Physical Review Letters · OSTI ID:2474638

Alonso-Monsalve, Elba; Kaiser, David I.

Title: Tetraquarks made of sufficiently unequal-mass heavy quarks are bound in QCD

Citation Formats

References (104)

Similar Records

Related Subjects