Superconducting quasiparticle-amplifying transmon: A qubit-based sensor for meV-scale phonons and single terahertz photons

Fink, C. W.; Salemi, C. P.; Young, B. A.; Schuster, D. I.; Kurinsky, N. A.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevApplied.22.054009

Title: Superconducting quasiparticle-amplifying transmon: A qubit-based sensor for meV-scale phonons and single terahertz photons

Journal Article · 04 November 2024 · Physical Review Applied

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.22.054009 · OSTI ID:2476064

;

; Schuster, D. I.; Kurinsky, N. A.

With great interest from the quantum computing community, an immense amount of R&D effort has been invested into improving superconducting qubits. The technologies developed for the design and fabrication of these qubits can be directly applied to applications for ultralow-threshold particle detectors, e.g., low-mass dark matter and far-infrared photon sensing. We propose a novel energy-resolving sensor based on the transmon qubit architecture combined with a signal-enhancing superconducting quasiparticle amplification stage. We refer to these sensors as SQUATs: superconducting quasiparticle-amplifying transmons. We detail the operating principle and design of this new sensor and predict that, with minimal R&D effort, solid-state-based detectors patterned with these sensors can achieve sensitivity to single terahertz photons, and sensitivity to $1 meV$ phonons in the detector absorber substrate on the microsecond timescale. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 2476064

Journal Information:: Physical Review Applied, Journal Name: Physical Review Applied Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 22; ISSN 2331-7019; ISSN PRAHB2

Publisher:: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (61)

Multi-channel direct detection of light dark matter: theoretical framework Trickle, Tanner; Zhang, Zhengkang; Zurek, Kathryn M. Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2020, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2020)036	journal	March 2020
THz Discrimination of Materials: Development of an Apparatus Based on Room Temperature Detection and Metasurfaces Selective Filters Carelli, P.; Chiarello, F.; Torrioli, G. Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, Vol. 38, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-016-0343-0	journal	December 2016
Quasiparticle Transport in Thick Aluminum Films Coupled to Tungsten Transition Edge Sensors Yen, J. J.; Kreikebaum, J. M.; Young, B. A. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Vol. 184, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-015-1406-7	journal	December 2015
AlMn Transition Edge Sensors for Advanced ACTPol Li, Dale; Austermann, Jason E.; Beall, James A. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Vol. 184, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-016-1526-8	journal	February 2016
A direct measurement of the quasiparticle trapping efficiency for a normal metal trap Ullom, J. N.; Fisher, P. A.; Nahum, M. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 370, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(95)01061-0	journal	February 1996
Development of Superconducting Tunnel Junction Photon Detector using Hafnium Kim, Shin-Hong; Jeong, Hyun-Sang; Kiuchi, Kenji Physics Procedia, Vol. 37 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2012.02.415	journal	January 2012
Robust Narrow-Gap Semiconducting Behavior in Square-Net La ₃ Cd ₂ As ₆ Piva, Mario M.; Rahn, Marein C.; Thomas, Sean M. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 33, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c00797	journal	May 2021
Strong coupling of a single photon to a superconducting qubit using circuit quantum electrodynamics Wallraff, A.; Schuster, D. I.; Blais, A. Nature, Vol. 431, Issue 7005 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02851	journal	September 2004
State preservation by repetitive error detection in a superconducting quantum circuit Kelly, J.; Barends, R.; Fowler, A. G. Nature, Vol. 519, Issue 7541 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14270	journal	March 2015
Millisecond charge-parity fluctuations and induced decoherence in a superconducting transmon qubit Ristè, D.; Bultink, C. C.; Tiggelman, M. J. Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2936	journal	May 2013
Phonon downconversion to suppress correlated errors in superconducting qubits Iaia, V.; Ku, J.; Ballard, A. Nature Communications, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33997-0	journal	October 2022
3D integrated superconducting qubits Rosenberg, D.; Kim, D.; Das, R. npj Quantum Information, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-017-0044-0	journal	October 2017
Saving superconducting quantum processors from decay and correlated errors generated by gamma and cosmic rays Martinis, John M. npj Quantum Information, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-021-00431-0	journal	June 2021
Quasiparticle tunneling as a probe of Josephson junction barrier and capacitor material in superconducting qubits Kurter, C.; Murray, C. E.; Gordon, R. T. npj Quantum Information, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-022-00542-2	journal	March 2022
Colossal magnetoresistance in a nonsymmorphic antiferromagnetic insulator Rosa, Priscila; Xu, Yuanfeng; Rahn, Marein npj Quantum Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-020-00256-8	journal	July 2020
Single photon detection of 1.5 THz radiation with the quantum capacitance detector Echternach, P. M.; Pepper, B. J.; Reck, T. Nature Astronomy, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-017-0294-y	journal	November 2017
Resolving catastrophic error bursts from cosmic rays in large arrays of superconducting qubits McEwen, Matt; Faoro, Lara; Arya, Kunal Nature Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-021-01432-8	journal	December 2021
A superconductor free of quasiparticles for seconds Mannila, E. T.; Samuelsson, P.; Simbierowicz, S. Nature Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-021-01433-7	journal	December 2021
Impact of ionizing radiation on superconducting qubit coherence Vepsäläinen, Antti P.; Karamlou, Amir H.; Orrell, John L. Nature, Vol. 584, Issue 7822 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2619-8	journal	August 2020
Correlated charge noise and relaxation errors in superconducting qubits Wilen, C. D.; Abdullah, S.; Kurinsky, N. A. Nature, Vol. 594, Issue 7863 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03557-5	journal	June 2021
A quasiparticle‐trap‐assisted transition‐edge sensor for phonon‐mediated particle detection Irwin, K. D.; Nam, S. W.; Cabrera, B. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 66, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1146105	journal	November 1995
Demonstration of a low-noise near-infrared photon counter with multiphoton discrimination Miller, Aaron J.; Nam, Sae Woo; Martinis, John M. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 83, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1596723	journal	July 2003
Superconducting transition edge sensor using dilute AlMn alloys Deiker, S. W.; Doriese, W.; Hilton, G. C. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 85, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1789575	journal	September 2004
Quasiparticle density of states measurements in clean superconducting AlMn alloys O’Neil, G. C.; Schmidt, D. R.; Tomlin, N. A. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 107, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3369280	journal	May 2010
Ultra-low-noise MoCu transition edge sensors for space applications Goldie, D. J.; Velichko, A. V.; Glowacka, D. M. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 109, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3561432	journal	April 2011
Energy-resolved detection of single infrared photons with λ = 8 μm using a superconducting microbolometer Karasik, Boris S.; Pereverzev, Sergey V.; Soibel, Alexander Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4739839	journal	July 2012
High intrinsic energy resolution photon number resolving detectors Lolli, L.; Taralli, E.; Portesi, C. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4815922	journal	July 2013
Efficient and robust analysis of complex scattering data under noise in microwave resonators Probst, S.; Song, F. B.; Bushev, P. A. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 86, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4907935	journal	February 2015
Quasiparticle trapping and the quasiparticle multiplier Booth, N. E. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 50, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.98229	journal	February 1987
Characterizing TES power noise for future single optical-phonon and infrared-photon detectors Fink, C. W.; Watkins, S. L.; Aramaki, T. AIP Advances, Vol. 10, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0011130	journal	August 2020
Performance of a large area photon detector for rare event search applications Fink, C. W.; Watkins, S. L.; Aramaki, T. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0032372	journal	January 2021
SLAC microresonator RF (SMuRF) electronics: A tone-tracking readout system for superconducting microwave resonator arrays Yu, Cyndia; Ahmed, Zeeshan; Frisch, Josef C. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 94, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0125084	journal	January 2023
Measurements of the lifetime of excitations in superconducting aluminium Gray, K. E.; Long, A. R.; Adkins, C. J. Philosophical Magazine, Vol. 20, Issue 164 https://doi.org/10.1080/14786436908228699	journal	August 1969
Quasiparticle generation efficiency in superconducting thin films Guruswamy, T.; Goldie, D. J.; Withington, S. Superconductor Science and Technology, Vol. 27, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/27/5/055012	journal	March 2014
Exploring the performance of thin-film superconducting multilayers as kinetic inductance detectors for low-frequency detection Zhao, Songyuan; Goldie, D. J.; Withington, S. Superconductor Science and Technology, Vol. 31, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/aa94b7	journal	November 2017
Charge-insensitive qubit design derived from the Cooper pair box Koch, Jens; Yu, Terri M.; Gambetta, Jay Physical Review A, Vol. 76, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.76.042319	journal	October 2007
Design of a Cooper-Pair Box Electrometer for Application to Solid-State and Astroparticle Physics Tosi, L.; Vion, D.; le Sueur, H. Physical Review Applied, Vol. 11, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.11.054072	journal	May 2019
Measurements and Simulations of Athermal Phonon Transmission from Silicon Absorbers to Aluminum Sensors Martinez, M.; Cardani, L.; Casali, N. Physical Review Applied, Vol. 11, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.11.064025	journal	June 2019
Modeling phonon-mediated quasiparticle poisoning in superconducting qubit arrays Yelton, E.; Larson, C. P.; Iaia, V. Physical Review B, Vol. 110, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.110.024519	journal	July 2024
Quasiparticle and phonon lifetimes in superconductors Kaplan, S. B.; Chi, C. C.; Langenberg, D. N. Physical Review B, Vol. 14, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.14.4854	journal	December 1976
Quasiparticle-phonon downconversion in nonequilibrium superconductors Kozorezov, A. G.; Volkov, A. F.; Wigmore, J. K. Physical Review B, Vol. 61, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.61.11807	journal	May 2000
Enhancement of quasiparticle recombination in Ta and Al superconductors by implantation of magnetic and nonmagnetic atoms Barends, R.; van Vliet, S.; Baselmans, J. J. A. Physical Review B, Vol. 79, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.020509	journal	January 2009
Quantum capacitance detector: A pair-breaking radiation detector based on the single Cooper-pair box Shaw, M. D.; Bueno, J.; Day, P. Physical Review B, Vol. 79, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.144511	journal	April 2009
Measurement and modeling of a large-area normal-metal/insulator/superconductor refrigerator with improved cooling O'Neil, Galen C.; Lowell, Peter J.; Underwood, Jason M. Physical Review B, Vol. 85, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.134504	journal	April 2012
Multichannel direct detection of light dark matter: Target comparison Griffin, Sinéad M.; Inzani, Katherine; Trickle, Tanner Physical Review D, Vol. 101, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.055004	journal	March 2020
Absorption of light dark matter in semiconductors Hochberg, Yonit; Lin, Tongyan; Zurek, Kathryn M. Physical Review D, Vol. 95, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.95.023013	journal	January 2017
Longitudinal Proximity Effects in Superconducting Transition-Edge Sensors Sadleir, John E.; Smith, Stephen J.; Bandler, Simon R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.047003	journal	January 2010
Coherent Josephson Qubit Suitable for Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits Barends, R.; Kelly, J.; Megrant, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.080502	journal	August 2013
Evidence of a Nonequilibrium Distribution of Quasiparticles in the Microwave Response of a Superconducting Aluminum Resonator de Visser, P. J.; Goldie, D. J.; Diener, P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.047004	journal	January 2014
First Dark Matter Constraints from a SuperCDMS Single-Charge Sensitive Detector Agnese, R.; Aralis, T.; Aramaki, T. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051301	journal	August 2018
Hot Nonequilibrium Quasiparticles in Transmon Qubits Serniak, K.; Hays, M.; de Lange, G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.157701	journal	October 2018
Photon-Assisted Charge-Parity Jumps in a Superconducting Qubit Houzet, M.; Serniak, K.; Catelani, G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 123, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.107704	journal	September 2019
Broadband Solenoidal Haloscope for Terahertz Axion Detection Liu, Jesse; Dona, Kristin; Hoshino, Gabe Physical Review Letters, Vol. 128, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.131801	journal	March 2022
Quasiparticle Poisoning of Superconducting Qubits from Resonant Absorption of Pair-Breaking Photons Liu, C. H.; Harrison, D. C.; Patel, S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 132, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.017001	journal	January 2024
Quasiparticle trapping from a single-crystal superconductor into a normal-metal film via the proximity effect Goldie, D.; Booth, N.; Patel, C. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 64, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.64.954	journal	February 1990
Ultra-low noise TES bolometer arrays for SAFARI instrument on SPICA Khosropanah, P.; Suzuki, T.; Ridder, M. L. SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233472	conference	July 2016
Far-Infrared Absorption Due to the Two-Phonon Difference Process in Si Ikezawa, Mikihiko; Ishigame, Mareo Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 50, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.3734	journal	November 1981
Terahertz reflectivities of metal-coated mirrors Naftaly, Mira; Dudley, Richard Applied Optics, Vol. 50, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.50.003201	journal	June 2011
Titanium-based transition-edge photon number resolving detector with 98% detection efficiency with index-matched small-gap fiber coupling Fukuda, Daiji; Fujii, Go; Numata, Takayuki Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.000870	journal	January 2011
High-Performance Radiation Design of a Planar Bow-tie Antenna Combined with a Dielectric Lens and Cascaded Matching Layers at Terahertz Frequency Apriono, Catur; Aji, Arie Pangesti; Wahyudi, Teguh International Journal of Technology, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v9i3.955	journal	April 2018
Investigation of Hafnium Thin Films for Design of TES Microcalorimeters Safonova, Victoria Yu.; Gordeeva, Anna V.; Blagodatkin, Anton V. Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17010222	journal	December 2023

Similar Records

Native Two-Qubit Gates in Fixed-Coupling, Fixed-Frequency Transmons Beyond Cross-Resonance Interaction

Journal Article · 2024 · PRX Quantum · OSTI ID:2352516

Wei, Ken Xuan; Lauer, Isaac; Pritchett, Emily; +3 more

Quantum limits of superconducting-photonic links and their extension to millimeter waves

Journal Article · 2024 · Physical Review Applied · OSTI ID:2543125

Multani, Kevin K. S.; Jiang, Wentao; Nanni, Emilio A.; +1 more

Quantum-Enhanced Sensing of Axion Dark Matter with a Transmon-Based Single Microwave Photon Counter

Journal Article · 2025 · Physical Review. X · OSTI ID:2563439

Braggio, C.; Balembois, L.; Di Vora, R.; +10 more

Title: Superconducting quasiparticle-amplifying transmon: A qubit-based sensor for meV-scale phonons and single terahertz photons

Citation Formats

References (61)

Similar Records

Related Subjects