Distinct and rich assemblages of giant viruses in Arctic and Antarctic lakes

Pitot, Thomas M.; Rapp, Josephine Z.; Schulz, Frederik; Girard, Catherine; Roux, Simon; Culley, Alexander I.

doi:10.1093/ismeco/ycae048

Title: Distinct and rich assemblages of giant viruses in Arctic and Antarctic lakes

Journal Article · 28 March 2024 · ISME Communications

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ismeco/ycae048 · OSTI ID:2475939

Pitot, Thomas M. ^[1]; Rapp, Josephine Z. ^[2]; Schulz, Frederik ^[3]; Girard, Catherine ^[4]; Roux, Simon ^[3]; Culley, Alexander I. ^[5]

Université Laval, Québec, QC (Canada); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Université Laval, Québec, QC (Canada)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Université Laval, Québec, QC (Canada); Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Chicoutimi, QC (Canada)
Université Laval, Québec, QC (Canada); Pacific Biosciences Research Center, Honolulu, HI (United States)

Giant viruses (GVs) are key players in ecosystem functioning, biogeochemistry, and eukaryotic genome evolution. GV diversity and abundance in aquatic systems can exceed that of prokaryotes, but their diversity and ecology in lakes, especially polar ones, remain poorly understood. We conducted a comprehensive survey and meta-analysis of GV diversity across 20 lakes, spanning polar to temperate regions, combining our extensive lake metagenome database from the Canadian Arctic and subarctic with publicly available datasets. Leveraging a novel GV genome identification tool, we identified 3304 GV metagenome-assembled genomes, revealing lakes as untapped GV reservoirs. Phylogenomic analysis highlighted their dispersion across all Nucleocytoviricota orders. Strong GV population endemism emerged between lakes from similar regions and biomes (Antarctic and Arctic), but a polar/temperate barrier in lacustrine GV populations and differences in their gene content could be observed. Our study establishes a robust genomic reference for future investigations into lacustrine GV ecology in fast changing polar environments.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science (BSS)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 2475939

Journal Information:: ISME Communications, Journal Name: ISME Communications Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 4; ISSN 2730-6151

Publisher:: Springer NatureCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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