Optimizing Desalination Operations for Energy Flexibility

Rao, Akshay K.; Atia, Adam A.; Knueven, Bernard; Mauter, Meagan S.

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c06353

Title: Optimizing Desalination Operations for Energy Flexibility

Journal Article · 07 October 2024 · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c06353 · OSTI ID:2474837

^[1]; Atia, Adam A. ^[2]; Knueven, Bernard ^[3];

^[4]

Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), Pittsburgh, PA (United States); NETL Support Contractor, Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Despite the value of energy optimization in desalination processes, modeling dynamic operations for monthly billing periods has remained a computational challenge. This work proposes a framework for energy flexibility optimization, which includes new modeling features for independent operation of parallel skids, start-up delays associated with chemical stabilization, the consideration of industrial energy tariff structures, and inclusion of hourly electrical carbon intensities. This is done using a modular and computationally efficient formulation that guarantees a globally optimal solution with standard optimization solvers. In this study, the approach is demonstrated in two distinct case studies: a seawater desalination plant in Santa Barbara, CA, and an indirect potable reuse facility in San Jose, CA. Trends predicted from the model are validated against operational facility measurements from a demand response shutdown event. Preliminary results show that optimizing energy flexibility can result in 18.51% monthly cost savings over energy efficiency-optimized operation. The value extracted from a facility-wide shutdown during peak electricity price hours is hampered by start-up delays in post-treatment chemical stabilization. In cases in which a facility does not have much excess capacity, using a flow equalization tank or operating over a wide recovery range may be cost-effective.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Energy Efficiency Office. Industrial Efficiency & Decarbonization Office (IEDO); National Alliance for Water Innovation (NAWI)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 2474837

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA--2C00-90919; MainId:92697; UUID:0ed0d505-454d-4c41-af90-6a392e169c08; MainAdminId:73918

Journal Information:: ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Journal Name: ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering Journal Issue: 42 Vol. 12; ISSN 2168-0485

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING
convex optimization
desalination
energy flexibility
mixed-integer programming

Title: Optimizing Desalination Operations for Energy Flexibility

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