Understanding the impact of an applied axial magnetic field on efficient current coupling on the Z machine

Zimmer, D.; Gomez, M. R.; Bennett, N.; Jennings, C. A.; Myers, C. E.; Lamppa, D. C.; Conti, F.; Beg, F. N.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.27.100401

Title: Understanding the impact of an applied axial magnetic field on efficient current coupling on the $Z$ machine

Journal Article · 18 October 2024 · Physical Review Accelerators and Beams

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.27.100401 · OSTI ID:2474669

;

; Jennings, C. A.;

;

Magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) is an attractive concept for producing thermonuclear fusion reactions. The MagLIF platform involves the operation of Helmholtz coils to apply a 15 Tesla axial magnetic field to the load region, where a cylindrical, fuel-filled metal liner is imploded by a $\sim 20 MA$ current pulse. The fringe field from these coils extends into the transmission line that delivers the current to the target. We investigated the extent to which this applied field disturbs the nominal power flow within that transmission line. A simplified model of the geometry shows that adding the applied magnetic field results in magnetic field lines that connect the cathode to the anode, suggesting electrons may not be magnetically insulated in this region. Particle-in-cell simulations indicated the addition of the applied magnetic field would not significantly impact the current delivery to the load. Velocimetry was used to experimentally assess the current delivery with and without the applied magnetic field. We find no measurable effects of the applied field on current delivery in the configuration investigated in this study. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003525

OSTI ID:: 2474669

Journal Information:: Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, Journal Name: Physical Review Accelerators and Beams Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 27; ISSN 2469-9888; ISSN PRABCJ

Publisher:: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (42)

Weighted Particles in Coulomb Collision Simulations Based on the Theory of a Cumulative Scattering Angle Nanbu, K.; Yonemura, S. Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 145, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1006/jcph.1998.6049	journal	September 1998
Simulation techniques for heavy ion fusion chamber transport Welch, D. R.; Rose, D. V.; Oliver, B. V. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 464, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00024-9	journal	May 2001
Implementation of an non-iterative implicit electromagnetic field solver for dense plasma simulation Welch, D. R.; Rose, D. V.; Clark, R. E. Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 164, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2004.06.028	journal	December 2004
Adaptive particle management in a particle-in-cell code Welch, D. R.; Genoni, T. C.; Clark, R. E. Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 227, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2007.07.015	journal	November 2007
A corrected method for Coulomb scattering in arbitrarily weighted particle-in-cell plasma simulations Higginson, Drew Pitney; Holod, Ihor; Link, Anthony Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 413 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2020.109450	journal	July 2020
A metastable limit for compressed liquid water Dolan, D. H.; Knudson, M. D.; Hall, C. A. Nature Physics, Vol. 3, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys562	journal	March 2007
Coupled particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo transport modeling of intense radiographic sources Rose, D. V.; Welch, D. R.; Oliver, B. V. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 91, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1448868	journal	March 2002
Radiation science using Z-pinch x rays Bailey, J. E.; Chandler, G. A.; Cohen, D. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 9, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1459454	journal	May 2002
Near-absolute Hugoniot measurements in aluminum to 500 GPa using a magnetically accelerated flyer plate technique Knudson, M. D.; Lemke, R. W.; Hayes, D. B. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 94, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1604967	journal	October 2003
Laser interferometer for measuring high velocities of any reflecting surface Barker, L. M.; Hollenbach, R. E. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 43, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1660986	journal	November 1972
Magnetically driven isentropic compression to multimegabar pressures using shaped current pulses on the Z accelerator Davis, Jean-Paul; Deeney, Christopher; Knudson, Marcus D. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 12, Issue 5, Article No. 056310 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1871954	journal	May 2005
Pulsed-power-driven high energy density physics and inertial confinement fusion research Matzen, M. Keith; Sweeney, M. A.; Adams, R. G. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 12, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1891746	journal	May 2005
Magnetically accelerated, ultrahigh velocity flyer plates for shock wave experiments Lemke, R. W.; Knudson, M. D.; Bliss, D. E. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 98, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2084316	journal	October 2005
Compact system for high-speed velocimetry using heterodyne techniques Strand, O. T.; Goosman, D. R.; Martinez, C. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 77, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2336749	journal	August 2006
Magnetic cutoff in high‐current diodes Creedon, John M. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 48, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.323782	journal	March 1977
Pulsed-power-driven cylindrical liner implosions of laser preheated fuel magnetized with an axial field Slutz, S. A.; Herrmann, M. C.; Vesey, R. A. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 17, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3333505	journal	May 2010
Measurement of electron energy deposition necessary to form an anode plasma in Ta, Ti, and C for coaxial bremsstrahlung diodes Sanford, T. W. L.; Halbleib, J. A.; Poukey, J. W. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 66, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.343913	journal	July 1989
Pulsed-coil magnet systems for applying uniform 10–30 T fields to centimeter-scale targets on Sandia's Z facility Rovang, D. C.; Lamppa, D. C.; Cuneo, M. E. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 85, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4902566	journal	December 2014
Hybrid-PIC modeling of laser-plasma interactions and hot electron generation in gold hohlraum walls Thoma, C.; Welch, D. R.; Clark, R. E. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4985314	journal	June 2017
Design and testing of a magnetically driven implosion peak current diagnostic Hess, M. H.; Peterson, K. J.; Ampleford, D. J. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5024374	journal	April 2018
Uncertainties in cylindrical anode current inferences on pulsed power drivers Porwitzky, Andrew; Brown, Justin Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5026983	journal	June 2018
Electron Emission in Intense Electric Fields Fowler, R. H.; Nordheim, L. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 119, Issue 781 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1928.0091	journal	May 1928
The Effect of Space Charge and Residual Gases on Thermionic Currents in High Vacuum Langmuir, Irving Physical Review, Vol. 2, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.2.450	journal	December 1913
Experimental study of current loss and plasma formation in the Z machine post-hole convolute Gomez, M. R.; Gilgenbach, R. M.; Cuneo, M. E. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 20, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.20.010401	journal	January 2017
Transmission-line-circuit model of an 85-TW, 25-MA pulsed-power accelerator Hutsel, B. T.; Corcoran, P. A.; Cuneo, M. E. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 21, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.21.030401	journal	March 2018
Electrode contaminant plasma effects in 1 0 7 -A Z pinch accelerators Welch, D. R.; Bennett, N.; Genoni, T. C. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 22, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.22.070401	journal	July 2019
Current transport and loss mechanisms in the Z accelerator Bennett, N.; Welch, D. R.; Jennings, C. A. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 22, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.22.120401	journal	December 2019
Fast hybrid particle-in-cell technique for pulsed-power accelerators Welch, D. R.; Bennett, N.; Genoni, T. C. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 23, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.110401	journal	November 2020
Magnetized particle transport in multi-MA accelerators Bennett, N.; Welch, D. R.; Laity, G. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 24, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.060401	journal	June 2021
Principal Hugoniot, reverberating wave, and mechanical reshock measurements of liquid deuterium to 400 GPa using plate impact techniques Knudson, M. D.; Hanson, D. L.; Bailey, J. E. Physical Review B, Vol. 69, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.69.144209	journal	April 2004
Radiating Shock Measurements in the Z -Pinch Dynamic Hohlraum Rochau, G. A.; Bailey, J. E.; Maron, Y. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.125004	journal	March 2008
Experimental Demonstration of Fusion-Relevant Conditions in Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion Gomez, M. R.; Slutz, S. A.; Sefkow, A. B. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.155003	journal	October 2014
Plasma evolution and dynamics in high-power vacuum-transmission-line post-hole convolutes Rose, D. V.; Welch, D. R.; Hughes, T. P. Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 11, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.060401	journal	June 2008
Differential-output B -dot and D -dot monitors for current and voltage measurements on a 20-MA, 3-MV pulsed-power accelerator Wagoner, T. C.; Stygar, W. A.; Ives, H. C. Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 11, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.100401	journal	October 2008
Three-dimensional electromagnetic model of the pulsed-power Z -pinch accelerator Rose, D. V.; Welch, D. R.; Madrid, E. A. Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.13.010402	journal	January 2010
Displacement current phenomena in the magnetically insulated transmission lines of the refurbished Z accelerator McBride, R. D.; Jennings, C. A.; Vesey, R. A. Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 13, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.13.120401	journal	December 2010
Steady-state modeling of current loss in a post-hole convolute driven by high power magnetically insulated transmission lines Madrid, E. A.; Rose, D. V.; Welch, D. R. Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 16, Issue 12, Article No. 120401 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.16.120401	journal	December 2013
Computational analysis of current-loss mechanisms in a post-hole convolute driven by magnetically insulated transmission lines Rose, D. V.; Madrid, E. A.; Welch, D. R. Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 18, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.18.030402	journal	March 2015
Circuit Model for Driving Three-Dimensional Resistive MHD Wire Array $Z$-Pinch Calculations Jennings, Chris A.; Chittenden, Jeremy P.; Cuneo, Michael E. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 38, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2010.2042971	journal	April 2010
Magnetically Driven Implosions for Inertial Confinement Fusion at Sandia National Laboratories Cuneo, M. E.; Herrmann, M. C.; Sinars, D. B. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 40, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2012.2223488	journal	December 2012
Plasma Physics via Computer Simulation Birdsall, C. K.; Langdon, A. B. https://doi.org/10.1887/0750301171	book	January 1991
A Fast Implicit Algorithm for Highly Magnetized Charged Particle Motion Genoni, T. C.; Clark, R. E.; Welch, D. R. The Open Plasma Physics Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2174/1876534301003010036	journal	May 2010