Searching for high-frequency gravitational waves with phonons

Journal Article · 16 May 2024 · Physical Review. D.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.109.096023 · OSTI ID:2474479

Kahn, Yonatan; Schütte-Engel, Jan ; Trickle, Tanner

The gravitational wave (GW) spectrum at frequencies above a kHz is a largely unexplored frontier. We show that detectors with sensitivity to single-phonon excitations in crystal targets can search for GWs with frequencies, $1\mathrm{THz}\lesssim f\lesssim 100\mathrm{THz}$ , corresponding to the range of optical phonon energies, $1\mathrm{meV}\lesssim \omega \lesssim 100\mathrm{meV}$ . Such detectors are already being built to search for light dark matter (DM), and therefore sensitivity to high-frequency GWs will be achieved as a byproduct. We begin by deriving the absorption rate of a general GW signal into single phonons. We then focus on carefully defining the detector sensitivity to monochromatic and chirp signals, and compute the detector sensitivity for many proposed light DM detection targets. The detector sensitivity is then compared to the signal strength of candidate high-frequency GW sources, e.g., superradiant annihilation and black hole inspiral, as well as other recent detector proposals in the $1\mathrm{MHz}\lesssim f\lesssim 100\mathrm{THz}$ frequency range. With a judicious choice of target materials, a collection of detectors could optimistically achieve sensitivities to monochromatic signals with $h_0\sim {10}^{-23}-{10}^{-25}$ over $1\mathrm{THz}\lesssim f\lesssim 100\mathrm{THz}$ . Published by the American Physical Society 2024

• Research Organization: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
• Grant/Contract Number: AC02-07CH11359; SC0015655
• OSTI ID: 2474479
• Report Number(s): FERMILAB-PUB--23-668-T; RIKEN-iTHEMS-Report--23; arXiv:2311.17147; 096023
• Journal Information: Physical Review. D., Journal Name: Physical Review. D. Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 109; ISSN PRVDAQ; ISSN 2470-0010
• Publisher: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English