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Title: New methods and simulations for cosmogenic induced spallation removal in Super-Kamiokande-IV

Journal Article · · Physical Review. D.
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  1. University of California
  2. Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
  3. University of Tokyo; University of Tokyo
  4. University of Tokyo
  5. University Autonoma Madrid
  6. British Columbia Institute of Technology; TRIUMF
  7. Boston University
  8. Boston University; University of Tokyo
  9. University of California; University of Tokyo
  10. California State University
  11. Chonnam National University
  12. Duke University
  13. Duke University; University of Tokyo
  14. Fukuoka Institute of Technology
  15. Gifu University
  16. Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
  17. University of Hawaii
  18. Imperial College London
  19. INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari
  20. INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli
  21. INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova
  22. INFN Sezione di Roma and Università di Roma “La Sapienza,”
  23. Keio University
  24. High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
  25. High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); University of Tokyo
  26. Kobe University
  27. Kobe University; University of Tokyo
  28. Kyoto University
  29. Kyoto University; University of Tokyo
  30. University of Liverpool
  31. Miyagi University of Education
  32. Nagoya University; Nagoya University
  33. Nagoya University
  34. National Centre For Nuclear Research
  35. State University of New York at Stony Brook
  36. Okayama University
  37. Okayama University; University of Tokyo
  38. Oxford University
  39. Oxford University; University of Tokyo
  40. Oxford University; Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
  41. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
  42. King’s College London
  43. Seoul National University
  44. University of Sheffield
  45. Shizuoka University of Welfare
  46. Tohoku University
  47. Sungkyunkwan University
  48. Tokai University
  49. The University of Tokyo
  50. University of Tokyo; University of California
  51. University of Tokyo; The University of Tokyo
  52. Tokyo Institute of Technology
  53. Tokyo University of Science
  54. University of Toronto
  55. TRIUMF
  56. Tsinghua University
  57. University of Warsaw
  58. University of Warwick
  59. University of Winnipeg
  60. Yokohama National University
+ Show Author Affiliations

Radioactivity induced by cosmic muon spallation is a dominant source of backgrounds for 𝒪⁡(10 MeV) neutrino interactions in water Cherenkov detectors. In particular, it is crucial to reduce backgrounds to measure the solar neutrino spectrum and find neutrino interactions from distant supernovae. In this paper we introduce new techniques to locate muon-induced hadronic showers and efficiently reject spallation backgrounds. Applying these techniques to the solar neutrino analysis with an exposure of 2790 × 22.5 kton · day increases the signal efficiency by 12.6%, approximately corresponding to an additional year of detector running. Furthermore, we present the first spallation simulation at Super-Kamiokande, where we model hadronic interactions using fluka. The agreement between the isotope yields and shower pattern in this simulation and in the data gives confidence in the accuracy of this simulation, and thus opens the door to use it to optimize muon spallation removal in new data with gadolinium-enhanced neutron capture detection.

Research Organization:
Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0009920
OSTI ID:
2473506
Journal Information:
Physical Review. D., Journal Name: Physical Review. D. Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 110; ISSN 2470-0010; ISSN 2470-0029
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (34)

16N as a calibration source for Super-Kamiokande
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The Super-Kamiokande detector
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journal April 2003
Geant4—a simulation toolkit
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journal July 2003
Narrow muon bundles from muon pair production in rock journal December 1999
A three-dimensional code for muon propagation through the rock: MUSIC journal October 1997
Overview of the FLUKA code journal August 2015
First study of neutron tagging with a water Cherenkov detector journal May 2009
Muon simulation codes MUSIC and MUSUN for underground physics journal March 2009
The FLUKA Code: Developments and Challenges for High Energy and Medical Applications journal June 2014
High-speed charge-to-time converter ASIC for the Super-Kamiokande detector
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journal November 2009
Calibration of the Super-Kamiokande detector
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journal February 2014
Recent developments in Geant4
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journal November 2016
Measurement of the radon concentration in purified water in the Super-Kamiokande IV detector
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journal October 2020
First gadolinium loading to Super-Kamiokande
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journal March 2022
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Cosmogenic Backgrounds in Borexino at 3800 m water-equivalent depth journal August 2013
Low Energy 8 B Solar Neutrinos with the Wideband Intelligent Trigger at Super-Kamiokande journal September 2017
The B 8 neutrino spectrum journal February 2006
Production of radioactive isotopes through cosmic muon spallation in KamLAND journal February 2010
First calculation of cosmic-ray muon spallation backgrounds for MeV astrophysical neutrino signals in Super-Kamiokande journal April 2014
Solar neutrino measurements using the full data period of Super-Kamiokande-IV journal May 2024
Measurements of the charge ratio and polarization of 1.2-TeV/ccosmic-ray muons with the Kamiokande II detector journal August 1991
Precise measurement of the solar neutrino day-night and seasonal variation in Super-Kamiokande-I journal January 2004
Muon simulations for Super-Kamiokande, KamLAND, and CHOOZ journal September 2006
Solar neutrino results in Super-Kamiokande-III journal March 2011
Supernova relic neutrino search at super-Kamiokande journal March 2012
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Search for ν ¯ e from the Sun at Super-Kamiokande-I journal May 2003

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Related Subjects

muons
neutrino detection
neutrino interactions
neutrinos