Properties of Cosmic Deuterons Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Journal Article · 25 June 2024 · Physical Review Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.261001 · OSTI ID:2473459

Aguilar, M.; Alpat, B.; Ambrosi, G.; Anderson, H.; Arruda, L.; Attig, N.; Bagwell, C.; Barao, F.; Barbanera, M.; Barrin, L.; Bartoloni, A.; Battiston, R.; Bayyari, A.; Belyaev, N.; Bertucci, B.; Bindi, V.; Bollweg, K.; Bolster, J.; Borchiellini, M.; Borgia, B. ; Boschini, M. J.; Bourquin, M.; Brugnoni, C.; Burger, J.; Burger, W. J.; Cai, X. D.; Capell, M.; Casaus, J.; Castellini, G.; Cervelli, F.; Chang, Y. H.; Chen, G. M.; Chen, G. R.; Chen, H.; Chen, H. S.; Chen, Y.; Cheng, L.; Chou, H. Y.; Chouridou, S.; Choutko, V.; Chung, C. H.; Clark, C.; Coignet, G.; Consolandi, C.; Contin, A.; Corti, C.; Cui, Z.; Dadzie, K.; D’Angelo, F.; Dass, A.; Delgado, C.; Della Torre, S.; Demirköz, M. B.; Derome, L.; Di Falco, S.; Di Felice, V.; Díaz, C.; Dimiccoli, F.; von Doetinchem, P.; Dong, F.; Donnini, F.; Duranti, M.; Egorov, A.; Eline, A.; Faldi, F.; Fehr, D.; Feng, J.; Fiandrini, E.; Fisher, P.; Formato, V.; Gámez, C.; García-López, R. J.; Gargiulo, C.; Gast, H.; Gervasi, M.; Giovacchini, F.; Gómez-Coral, D. M.; Gong, J.; Grandi, D.; Graziani, M.; Guracho, A. N.; Haino, S.; Han, K. C.; Hashmani, R. K.; He, Z. H.; Heber, B.; Hsieh, T. H.; Hu, J. Y.; Huang, B. W.; Ionica, M.; Incagli, M.; Jia, Yi; Jinchi, H.; Karagöz, G.; Khan, S.; Khiali, B.; Kirn, Th.; Klipfel, A. P.; Kounina, O.; Kounine, A.; Koutsenko, V.; Krasnopevtsev, D.; Kuhlman, A.; Kulemzin, A.; La Vacca, G.; Laudi, E.; Laurenti, G.; LaVecchia, G.; Lazzizzera, I.; Lee, H. T.; Lee, S. C.; Li, H. L.; Li, J. Q.; Li, M.; Li, M.; Li, Q.; Li, Q.; Li, Q. Y.; Li, S.; Li, S. L.; Li, J. H.; Li, Z. H.; Liang, M. J.; Liao, P.; Lin, C. H.; Lippert, T.; Liu, J. H.; Liu, P. C.; Lu, S. Q.; Lu, Y. S.; Luebelsmeyer, K.; Luo, J. Z.; Luo, Q.; Luo, S. D.; Luo, Xi; Mañá, C.; Marín, J.; Marquardt, J.; Martínez, G.; Masi, N.; Maurin, D.; Medvedeva, T.; Menchaca-Rocha, A.; Meng, Q.; Mikhailov, V. V.; Molero, M.; Mott, P.; Mussolin, L.; Jozani, Y. Najafi; Nicolaidis, R.; Nikonov, N.; Nozzoli, F.; Ocampo-Peleteiro, J.; Oliva, A.; Orcinha, M.; Palmonari, F.; Paniccia, M.; Pashnin, A.; Pauluzzi, M.; Pensotti, S.; Pietzcker, P.; Plyaskin, V.; Poluianov, S.; Pridöhl, D.; Qu, Z. Y.; Quadrani, L.; Rancoita, P. G.; Rapin, D.; Conde, A. Reina; Robyn, E.; Rodríguez-García, I.; Romaneehsen, L.; Rossi, F.; Rozhkov, A.; Rozza, D.; Sagdeev, R.; Savin, E.; Schael, S.; Schultz von Dratzig, A.; Schwering, G.; Seo, E. S.; Shan, B. S.; Shukla, A.; Siedenburg, T.; Silvestre, G.; Song, J. W.; Song, X. J.; Sonnabend, R.; Strigari, L.; Su, T.; Sun, Q.; Sun, Z. T.; Tabarroni, L.; Tacconi, M.; Tang, Z. C.; Tian, J.; Tian, Y.; Ting, Samuel C. C. ; Ting, S. M.; Tomassetti, N.; Torsti, J.; Urban, T.; Usoskin, I.; Vagelli, V.; Vainio, R.; Valencia-Otero, M.; Valente, E.; Valtonen, E.; Vázquez Acosta, M.; Vecchi, M.; Velasco, M.; Wang, C. X.; Wang, L.; Wang, L. Q.; Wang, N. H.; Wang, Q. L.; Wang, S.; Wang, X.; Wang, Z. M.; Wei, J.; Weng, Z. L.; Wu, H.; Wu, Y.; Wu, Z. B.; Xiao, J. N.; Xiong, R. Q.; Xiong, X. Z.; Xu, W.; Yan, Q.; Yang, H. T.; Yang, Y.; Yelland, A.; Yi, H.; You, Y. H.; Yu, Y. M.; Yu, Z. Q.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, F. Z.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, J. H.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, P. W.; Zheng, C.; Zheng, Z. M.; Zhuang, H. L.; Zhukov, V.; Zichichi, A.; Zuccon, P.

Precision measurements by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station of the deuteron ( $D$ ) flux are presented. The measurements are based on $21\times {10}^6$ $D$ nuclei in the rigidity range from 1.9 to 21 GV collected from May 2011 to April 2021. We observe that over the entire rigidity range the $D$ flux exhibits nearly identical time variations with the $p$ , ${}^3\mathrm{He}$ , and ${}^4\mathrm{He}$ fluxes. Above 4.5 GV, the $D/{}^4\mathrm{He}$ flux ratio is time independent and its rigidity dependence is well described by a single power law $\propto R^{\mathrm{\Delta }}$ with ${\mathrm{\Delta }}_{D/{}^4\mathrm{He}}=-0.108\pm 0.005$ . This is in contrast with the ${}^3\mathrm{He}/{}^4\mathrm{He}$ flux ratio for which we find ${\mathrm{\Delta }}_{{}^3\mathrm{He}/{}^4\mathrm{He}}=-0.289\pm 0.003$ . Above $\sim 13\mathrm{GV}$ we find a nearly identical rigidity dependence of the $D$ and $p$ fluxes with a $D/p$ flux ratio of $0.027\pm 0.001$ . These unexpected observations indicate that cosmic deuterons have a sizable primarylike component. With a method independent of cosmic ray propagation, we obtain the primary component of the $D$ flux equal to $9.4\pm 0.5\%$ of the ${}^4\mathrm{He}$ flux and the secondary component of the $D$ flux equal to $58\pm 5\%$ of the ${}^3\mathrm{He}$ flux. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE
• Grant/Contract Number: AC02-05CH11231
• OSTI ID: 2473459
• Journal Information: Physical Review Letters, Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Issue: 26 Vol. 132; ISSN 0031-9007; ISSN PRLTAO
• Publisher: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English