A Tutorial on the Control of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines: Stability Challenges and Opportunities for Power Capture

Stockhouse, David; Phadnis, Mandar; Henry, Aoife; Abbas, Nikhar J.; Sinner, Michael; Pusch, Manuel; Pao, Lucy Y.

doi:10.1109/mcs.2024.3433208

Title: A Tutorial on the Control of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines: Stability Challenges and Opportunities for Power Capture

Journal Article · 19 September 2024 · IEEE Control Systems

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/mcs.2024.3433208 · OSTI ID:2472547

^[1]; Phadnis, Mandar ^[1]; Henry, Aoife ^[1]; Abbas, Nikhar J. ^[2];

^[3];

^[4]; Pao, Lucy Y. ^[1]

Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy, Brande (Denmark)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Munich University of Applied Sciences, Munich (Germany)

Climate change is a serious threat facing humanity. The United States (U.S.) and many other countries are increasing the amount of electrical power generated from renewable energy sources in an effort to combat climate change and ensure energy independence. The U.S. has set goals to achieve a 100% decarbonized electric grid by 2035 and a net-zero emissions economy by no later than 2050. Renewable energy currently accounts for about 20% of the U.S. power grid. According to the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), in the U.S. in 2021, wind and solar photovoltaic generation supplied 9.1% and 4% of total electricity generation, respectively, and the latest publicly available data show that hydropower represented 6.6% of all electricity generated in the U.S. in 2019. As wind farms have been built in many of the best wind resource areas on land, the U.S. and many other countries are turning to offshore wind for further growth of wind power capacity. Further, the U.S. has committed to deploy 30 GW of offshore wind by 2030, a significant increase from the 0.04 GW of installed offshore wind in the country as of the end of 2023. Many other countries have also established ambitious goals or plans to increase the amount of installed offshore wind power.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Wind Energy Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 2472547

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA--5000-91649; MainId:93427; UUID:92405e0f-2237-4247-85e7-4a4d4a452400; MainAdminId:74006

Journal Information:: IEEE Control Systems, Journal Name: IEEE Control Systems Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 44; ISSN 1066-033X

Publisher:: IEEECopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Influence of Control on the Pitch Damping of a Floating Wind Turbine Jonkman, Jason 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-1306	conference	June 2012
Disturbance Accommodating Control of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines Namik, Hazim; Stol, Karl 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including The New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-483	conference	January 2009
Determination of Acoustic Compliance of Wind Farms Cooper, Steven; Chan, Christopher Acoustics, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/acoustics2020024	journal	June 2020
Trailing-Edge Flap Control for Mitigating Rotor Power Fluctuations of a Large-Scale Offshore Floating Wind Turbine under the Turbulent Wind Condition Xu, Bofeng; Feng, Junheng; Wang, Tongguang Entropy, Vol. 20, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.3390/e20090676	journal	September 2018
The Concept of Segmented Wind Turbine Blades: A Review Peeters, Mathijs; Santo, Gilberto; Degroote, Joris Energies, Vol. 10, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.3390/en10081112	journal	July 2017
Floating Offshore Vertical Axis Wind Turbines: Opportunities, Challenges and Way Forward Arredondo-Galeana, Abel; Brennan, Feargal Energies, Vol. 14, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.3390/en14238000	journal	November 2021
Damping Wind and Wave Loads on a Floating Wind Turbine Christiansen, Søren; Bak, Thomas; Knudsen, Torben Energies, Vol. 6, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.3390/en6084097	journal	August 2013
Experimental Study on Influence of Pitch Motion on the Wake of a Floating Wind Turbine Model Rockel, Stanislav; Camp, Elizabeth; Schmidt, Jonas Energies, Vol. 7, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/en7041954	journal	March 2014
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Optimizing Lidars for Wind Turbine Control Applications—Results from the IEA Wind Task 32 Workshop Simley, Eric; Fürst, Holger; Haizmann, Florian Remote Sensing, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060863	journal	June 2018
Field test of wake steering at an offshore wind farm Fleming, Paul; Annoni, Jennifer; Shah, Jigar J. Wind Energy Science, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2-229-2017	journal	January 2017
Assessment of wind turbine component loads under yaw-offset conditions Damiani, Rick; Dana, Scott; Annoni, Jennifer Wind Energy Science, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-173-2018	journal	January 2018
Towards practical dynamic induction control of wind farms: analysis of optimally controlled wind-farm boundary layers and sinusoidal induction control of first-row turbines Munters, Wim; Meyers, Johan Wind Energy Science, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-409-2018	journal	January 2018
Automatic controller tuning using a zeroth-order optimization algorithm Zalkind, Daniel S.; Dall'Anese, Emiliano; Pao, Lucy Y. Wind Energy Science, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1579-2020	journal	January 2020
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