Addressing challenges for operating electrochemical solar fuels technologies under variable and diurnal conditions

Yap, Kyra M. K.; Lee, Sol A.; Kistler, Tobias A.; Collins, Darci K.; Warren, Emily L.; Atwater, Harry A.; Jaramillo, Thomas F.; Xiang, Chengxiang; Nielander, Adam C.

doi:10.3389/fenrg.2024.1483914

Title: Addressing challenges for operating electrochemical solar fuels technologies under variable and diurnal conditions

Journal Article · 16 October 2024 · Frontiers in Energy Research

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1483914 · OSTI ID:2472467

Yap, Kyra M. K.; Lee, Sol A.; Kistler, Tobias A.; Collins, Darci K.; Warren, Emily L.; Atwater, Harry A.; Jaramillo, Thomas F.; Xiang, Chengxiang; Nielander, Adam C.

The outdoor operation of electrochemical solar fuels devices must contend with challenges presented by the cycles of solar irradiance, temperature, and other meteorological factors. Herein, we discuss challenges associated with these fluctuations presented over three timescales, including the effects of diurnal cycling over the course of many days, a single diurnal cycle over the course of hours, and meteorological phenomena that cause fluctuations on the order of seconds to minutes. We also highlight both reaction-independent and reaction-specific effects of variable conditions for the hydrogen evolution reaction and CO ₂ reduction reaction. We identify key areas of research for advancing the outdoor operation of solar fuels technology and highlight the need for metrics and benchmarks to enable the comparison of diurnal studies across systems and geographical locations.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC36-08GO28308; SC0021266

OSTI ID:: 2472467

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA--5900-92321; 1483914

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Energy Research, Journal Name: Frontiers in Energy Research Vol. 12; ISSN 2296-598X

Publisher:: Frontiers Media SACopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Switzerland

Language:: English

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Co-Design of Multijunction Photoelectrochemical Devices for Unassisted CO₂ Reduction to Multicarbon Products Wei, William J.; King, Alex J.; Bui, Justin C. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 170, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad10e7	journal	December 2023
Integrated Photo-Electrochemical Solar Fuel Generators under Concentrated Irradiation: I. 2-D Non-Isothermal Multi-Physics Modeling Tembhurne, Saurabh; Haussener, Sophia Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 163, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0311610jes	journal	January 2016
Impact of Intermittent Operation on Lifetime and Performance of a PEM Water Electrolyzer Weiß, A.; Siebel, A.; Bernt, M. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0421908jes	journal	January 2019
Photovoltaic array performance model. Kratochvil, Jay A.; Boyson, William Earl; King, David L. https://doi.org/10.2172/919131	report	August 2004
A Critical Review of Renewable Hydrogen Production Methods: Factors Affecting Their Scale-Up and Its Role in Future Energy Generation Agyekum, Ephraim Bonah; Nutakor, Christabel; Agwa, Ahmed M. Membranes, Vol. 12, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020173	journal	February 2022
SAXS Investigation of the Effect of Freeze/Thaw Cycles on the Nanostructure of Nafion® Membranes Mensharapov, Ruslan; Ivanova, Nataliya; Spasov, Dmitry Polymers, Vol. 14, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14204395	journal	October 2022

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