Triple tandem trimer immunogens for HIV-1 and influenza nucleic acid-based vaccines

del Moral-Sánchez, Iván; Wee, Edmund G.; Xian, Yuejiao; Lee, Wen-Hsin; Allen, Joel D.; Torrents de la Peña, Alba; Fróes Rocha, Rebeca; Ferguson, James; León, André N.; Koekkoek, Sylvie; Schermer, Edith E.; Burger, Judith A.; Kumar, Sanjeev; Zwolsman, Robby; Brinkkemper, Mitch; Aartse, Aafke; Eggink, Dirk; Han, Julianna; Yuan, Meng; Crispin, Max; Ozorowski, Gabriel; Ward, Andrew B.; Wilson, Ian A.; Hanke, Tomáš; Sliepen, Kwinten; Sanders, Rogier W.

doi:10.1038/s41541-024-00862-8

Title: Triple tandem trimer immunogens for HIV-1 and influenza nucleic acid-based vaccines

Journal Article · 05 April 2024 · npj Vaccines

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-024-00862-8 · OSTI ID:2471725

^[1]; Wee, Edmund G. ^[2]; Xian, Yuejiao ^[3]; Lee, Wen-Hsin ^[3];

^[4]; Torrents de la Peña, Alba ^[3]; Fróes Rocha, Rebeca ^[3]; Ferguson, James ^[3];

^[3]; Koekkoek, Sylvie ^[1]; Schermer, Edith E. ^[1]; Burger, Judith A. ^[1];

^[5]; Zwolsman, Robby ^[1]; Brinkkemper, Mitch ^[1]; Aartse, Aafke ^[6]; Eggink, Dirk ^[1];

^[3]; Yuan, Meng ^[3];

^[4] more »

Univ. of Amsterdam (Netherlands); Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (Netherlands)
Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom)
The Scripps Research Inst., La Jolla, CA (United States)
University of Southampton (United Kingdom)
Univ. of Amsterdam (Netherlands); Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (Netherlands); All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (India)
Univ. of Amsterdam (Netherlands); Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk (Netherlands)
Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom); Kumamoto University (Japan)
Univ. of Amsterdam (Netherlands); Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (Netherlands); Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). Weill Medical College

Recombinant native-like HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers are used in candidate vaccines aimed at inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies. While state-of-the-art SOSIP or single-chain Env designs can be expressed as native-like trimers, undesired monomers, dimers and malformed trimers that elicit non-neutralizing antibodies are also formed, implying that these designs could benefit from further modifications for gene-based vaccination approaches. Here, we describe the triple tandem trimer (TTT) design, in which three Env protomers are genetically linked in a single open reading frame and express as native-like trimers. Viral vectored Env TTT induced similar neutralization titers but with a higher proportion of trimer-specific responses. The TTT design was also applied to generate influenza hemagglutinin (HA) trimers without the need for trimerization domains. Additionally, we used TTT to generate well-folded chimeric Env and HA trimers that harbor protomers from three different strains. In summary, the TTT design is a useful platform for the design of HIV-1 Env and influenza HA immunogens for a multitude of vaccination strategies.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL)

Sponsoring Organization:: Aids Fonds Netherlands; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); National Institutes of Health (NIH); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 2471725

Journal Information:: npj Vaccines, Journal Name: npj Vaccines Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 9; ISSN 2059-0105

Publisher:: Springer NatureCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (155)

Structure‐guided envelope trimer design in HIV‐1 vaccine development: a narrative review Derking, Ronald; Sanders, Rogier W. Journal of the International AIDS Society, Vol. 24, Issue S7 https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25797	journal	November 2021
Strategies for induction of HIV‐1 envelope‐reactive broadly neutralizing antibodies Williams, Wilton B.; Wiehe, Kevin; Saunders, Kevin O. Journal of the International AIDS Society, Vol. 24, Issue S7 https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25831	journal	November 2021
UCSF ChimeraX : Structure visualization for researchers, educators, and developers Pettersen, Eric F.; Goddard, Thomas D.; Huang, Conrad C. Protein Science, Vol. 30, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/pro.3943	journal	October 2020
Measuring HIV Neutralization in a Luciferase Reporter Gene Assay Montefiori, David C. Methods in Molecular Biology https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-170-3_26	book	January 2009
Designed protein multimerization and polymerization for functionalization of proteins Permana, Dani; Putra, Herlian Eriska; Djaenudin, Djaenudin Biotechnology Letters, Vol. 44, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-021-03217-8	journal	January 2022
Brolucizumab: First Approval Markham, Anthony Drugs, Vol. 79, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-019-01231-9	journal	November 2019
Tebentafusp: First Approval Dhillon, Sohita Drugs, Vol. 82, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-022-01704-4	journal	April 2022
The T4 gene encodes the AIDS virus receptor and is expressed in the immune system and the brain Maddon, Paul Jay; Dalgleish, Angus G.; McDougal, J. Steven Cell, Vol. 47, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(86)90590-8	journal	November 1986
Endoproteolytic cleavage of gp160 is required for the activation of human immunodeficiency virus McCune, Joseph M.; Rabin, Linda B.; Feinberg, Mark B. Cell, Vol. 53, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(88)90487-4	journal	April 1988
[20] Processing of X-ray diffraction data collected in oscillation mode Otwinowski, Zbyszek; Minor, Wladek Macromolecular Crystallography Part A, 307-326 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(97)76066-X	book	January 1997
Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial Folegatti, Pedro M.; Ewer, Katie J.; Aley, Parvinder K. The Lancet, Vol. 396, Issue 10249 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31604-4	journal	August 2020
Maturation of HIV envelope glycoprotein precursors by cellular endoproteases Moulard, Maxime; Decroly, Etienne Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Biomembranes, Vol. 1469, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4157(00)00014-9	journal	November 2000
Co-receptors for HIV-1 entry Moore, John P.; Trkola, Alexandra; Dragic, Tatjana Current Opinion in Immunology, Vol. 9, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0952-7915(97)80110-0	journal	August 1997
Structure of bacteriophage T4 fibritin: a segmented coiled coil and the role of the C-terminal domain Tao, Yizhi; Strelkov, Sergei V.; Mesyanzhinov, Vadim V. Structure, Vol. 5, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-2126(97)00233-5	journal	June 1997
Safety and immunogenicity of an MF59-adjuvanted spike glycoprotein-clamp vaccine for SARS-CoV-2: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial Chappell, Keith J.; Mordant, Francesca L.; Li, Zheyi The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Vol. 21, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00200-0	journal	October 2021
From influenza to COVID-19: Lipid nanoparticle mRNA vaccines at the frontiers of infectious diseases Pilkington, Emily H.; Suys, Estelle J. A.; Trevaskis, Natalie L. Acta Biomaterialia, Vol. 131 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.023	journal	September 2021
Immunogenicity of Stabilized HIV-1 Envelope Trimers with Reduced Exposure of Non-neutralizing Epitopes de Taeye, Steven W.; Ozorowski, Gabriel; Torrents de la Peña, Alba Cell, Vol. 163, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.056	journal	December 2015
Sequential Immunization Elicits Broadly Neutralizing Anti-HIV-1 Antibodies in Ig Knockin Mice Escolano, Amelia; Steichen, Jon M.; Dosenovic, Pia Cell, Vol. 166, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.030	journal	September 2016
Common Features of Enveloped Viruses and Implications for Immunogen Design for Next-Generation Vaccines Rey, Felix A.; Lok, Shee-Mei Cell, Vol. 172, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.02.054	journal	March 2018
A Site of Vulnerability on the Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Head Domain Trimer Interface Bangaru, Sandhya; Lang, Shanshan; Schotsaert, Michael Cell, Vol. 177, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.011	journal	May 2019
Cleavage-Independent HIV-1 Env Trimers Engineered as Soluble Native Spike Mimetics for Vaccine Design Sharma, Shailendra Kumar; de Val, Natalia; Bale, Shridhar Cell Reports, Vol. 11, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.047	journal	April 2015
Structural Constraints Determine the Glycosylation of HIV-1 Envelope Trimers Pritchard, Laura K.; Vasiljevic, Snezana; Ozorowski, Gabriel Cell Reports, Vol. 11, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.05.017	journal	June 2015
Holes in the Glycan Shield of the Native HIV Envelope Are a Target of Trimer-Elicited Neutralizing Antibodies McCoy, Laura E.; van Gils, Marit J.; Ozorowski, Gabriel Cell Reports, Vol. 16, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.074	journal	August 2016
Improving the Immunogenicity of Native-like HIV-1 Envelope Trimers by Hyperstabilization Torrents de la Peña, Alba; Julien, Jean-Philippe; de Taeye, Steven W. Cell Reports, Vol. 20, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.077	journal	August 2017
Rational Design of DNA-Expressed Stabilized Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Trimers Aldon, Yoann; McKay, Paul F.; Allen, Joel Cell Reports, Vol. 24, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.051	journal	September 2018
Mapping Polyclonal Antibody Responses in Non-human Primates Vaccinated with HIV Env Trimer Subunit Vaccines Nogal, Bartek; Bianchi, Matteo; Cottrell, Christopher A. Cell Reports, Vol. 30, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.061	journal	March 2020
Enhancing glycan occupancy of soluble HIV-1 envelope trimers to mimic the native viral spike Derking, Ronald; Allen, Joel D.; Cottrell, Christopher A. Cell Reports, Vol. 35, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108933	journal	April 2021
Virus vaccines: proteins prefer prolines Sanders, Rogier W.; Moore, John P. Cell Host & Microbe, Vol. 29, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2021.02.002	journal	March 2021
Recent advances in mRNA vaccine technology Pardi, Norbert; Hogan, Michael J.; Weissman, Drew Current Opinion in Immunology, Vol. 65 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2020.01.008	journal	August 2020
Safety and immunogenicity of a self-amplifying RNA vaccine against COVID-19: COVAC1, a phase I, dose-ranging trial Pollock, Katrina M.; Cheeseman, Hannah M.; Szubert, Alexander J. eClinicalMedicine, Vol. 44 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101262	journal	February 2022
Broadly Neutralizing HIV Antibodies Define a Glycan-Dependent Epitope on the Prefusion Conformation of gp41 on Cleaved Envelope Trimers Falkowska, Emilia; Le, Khoa M.; Ramos, Alejandra Immunity, Vol. 40, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2014.04.009	journal	May 2014
HIV Vaccine Design to Target Germline Precursors of Glycan-Dependent Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Steichen, Jon M.; Kulp, Daniel W.; Tokatlian, Talar Immunity, Vol. 45, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2016.08.016	journal	September 2016
A Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Targets the Dynamic HIV Envelope Trimer Apex via a Long, Rigidified, and Anionic β-Hairpin Structure Lee, Jeong Hyun; Andrabi, Raiees; Su, Ching-Yao Immunity, Vol. 46, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2017.03.017	journal	April 2017
HIV-1 Vaccines Based on Antibody Identification, B Cell Ontogeny, and Epitope Structure Kwong, Peter D.; Mascola, John R. Immunity, Vol. 48, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.029	journal	May 2018
Electron-Microscopy-Based Epitope Mapping Defines Specificities of Polyclonal Antibodies Elicited during HIV-1 BG505 Envelope Trimer Immunization Bianchi, Matteo; Turner, Hannah L.; Nogal, Bartek Immunity, Vol. 49, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2018.07.009	journal	August 2018
Membrane-bound mRNA immunogens lower the threshold to activate HIV Env V2 apex-directed broadly neutralizing B cell precursors in humanized mice Melzi, Eleonora; Willis, Jordan R.; Ma, Krystal M. Immunity, Vol. 55, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2022.09.003	journal	November 2022
Very Fast Folding and Association of a Trimerization Domain from Bacteriophage T4 Fibritin Güthe, Sarah; Kapinos, Larisa; Möglich, Andreas Journal of Molecular Biology, Vol. 337, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2004.02.020	journal	April 2004
Protein and Glycan Mimicry in HIV Vaccine Design Seabright, Gemma E.; Doores, Katie J.; Burton, Dennis R. Journal of Molecular Biology, Vol. 431, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2019.04.016	journal	May 2019
Automated molecular microscopy: The new Leginon system Suloway, Christian; Pulokas, James; Fellmann, Denis Journal of Structural Biology, Vol. 151, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2005.03.010	journal	July 2005
Appion: An integrated, database-driven pipeline to facilitate EM image processing Lander, Gabriel C.; Stagg, Scott M.; Voss, Neil R. Journal of Structural Biology, Vol. 166, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2009.01.002	journal	April 2009
RELION: Implementation of a Bayesian approach to cryo-EM structure determination Scheres, Sjors H. W. Journal of Structural Biology, Vol. 180, Issue 3, p. 519-530 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2012.09.006	journal	December 2012
Effect of epitope variant co-delivery on the depth of CD8 T cell responses induced by HIV-1 conserved mosaic vaccines Wee, Edmund G.; Moyo, Nathifa; Hannoun, Zara Molecular Therapy - Methods & Clinical Development, Vol. 21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtm.2021.04.018	journal	June 2021
Engineering Cas9 for human genome editing Slaymaker, Ian M.; Gaudelli, Nicole M. Current Opinion in Structural Biology, Vol. 69 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbi.2021.03.004	journal	August 2021
HIV vaccinology: 2021 update Lee, Jeong Hyun; Crotty, Shane Seminars in Immunology, Vol. 51 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2021.101470	journal	January 2021
The adjuvant effect of MF59 is due to the oil-in-water emulsion formulation, none of the individual components induce a comparable adjuvant effect Calabro, Samuele; Tritto, Elaine; Pezzotti, Annamaria Vaccine, Vol. 31, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.007	journal	July 2013
The Brighton Collaboration standardized template for collection of key information for risk/benefit assessment of a Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine platform Volkmann, Ariane; Williamson, Anna-Lise; Weidenthaler, Heinz Vaccine, Vol. 39, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.050	journal	May 2021
Effect of trimerization motifs on quaternary structure, antigenicity, and immunogenicity of a noncleavable HIV-1 gp140 envelope glycoprotein Du, Sean X.; Idiart, Rebecca J.; Mariano, Ellaine B. Virology, Vol. 395, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2009.07.042	journal	December 2009
Enhanced human receptor binding by H5 haemagglutinins Xiong, Xiaoli; Xiao, Haixia; Martin, Stephen R. Virology, Vol. 456-457 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2014.03.008	journal	May 2014
Glycosylation Analysis of Engineered H3N2 Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinins with Sequentially Added Historically Relevant Glycosylation Sites An, Yanming; McCullers, Jonathan A.; Alymova, Irina Journal of Proteome Research, Vol. 14, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00416	journal	August 2015
Crystal structure of an isoleucine-zipper trimer Harbury, Pehr B.; Kim, Peter S.; Alber, Tom Nature, Vol. 371, Issue 6492, p. 80-83 https://doi.org/10.1038/371080a0	journal	September 1994
Novel Conserved-region T-cell Mosaic Vaccine With High Global HIV-1 Coverage Is Recognized by Protective Responses in Untreated Infection Ondondo, Beatrice; Murakoshi, Hayato; Clutton, Genevieve Molecular Therapy, Vol. 24, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/mt.2016.3	journal	April 2016
Antibody neutralization and escape by HIV-1 Wei, Xiping; Decker, Julie M.; Wang, Shuyi Nature, Vol. 422, Issue 6929 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01470	journal	March 2003
Broad neutralization coverage of HIV by multiple highly potent antibodies Walker, Laura M.; Huber, Michael; Doores, Katie J. Nature, Vol. 477, Issue 7365 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10373	journal	September 2011
Cross-neutralization of influenza A viruses mediated by a single antibody loop Ekiert, Damian C.; Kashyap, Arun K.; Steel, John Nature, Vol. 489, Issue 7417 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11414	journal	September 2012
A stamp on the envelope Sanders, Rogier W.; Moore, John P. Nature, Vol. 514, Issue 7523 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13926	journal	October 2014
A single injection of anti-HIV-1 antibodies protects against repeated SHIV challenges Gautam, Rajeev; Nishimura, Yoshiaki; Pegu, Amarendra Nature, Vol. 533, Issue 7601 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17677	journal	April 2016
B-cell–lineage immunogen design in vaccine development with HIV-1 as a case study Haynes, Barton F.; Kelsoe, Garnett; Harrison, Stephen C. Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 30, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2197	journal	May 2012
Uncleaved prefusion-optimized gp140 trimers derived from analysis of HIV-1 envelope metastability Kong, Leopold; He, Linling; de Val, Natalia Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12040	journal	June 2016
An HIV-1 antibody from an elite neutralizer implicates the fusion peptide as a site of vulnerability van Gils, Marit J.; van den Kerkhof, Tom L. G. M.; Ozorowski, Gabriel Nature Microbiology, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.199	journal	November 2016
mRNA vaccines — a new era in vaccinology Pardi, Norbert; Hogan, Michael J.; Porter, Frederick W. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Vol. 17, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2017.243	journal	January 2018
Self-amplifying RNA vaccines for infectious diseases Bloom, Kristie; van den Berg, Fiona; Arbuthnot, Patrick Gene Therapy, Vol. 28, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41434-020-00204-y	journal	October 2020
Structure of a cleavage-independent HIV Env recapitulates the glycoprotein architecture of the native cleaved trimer Sarkar, Anita; Bale, Shridhar; Behrens, Anna-Janina Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04272-y	journal	May 2018
Structure and immunogenicity of a stabilized HIV-1 envelope trimer based on a group-M consensus sequence Sliepen, Kwinten; Han, Byung Woo; Bontjer, Ilja Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10262-5	journal	May 2019
Enhancing and shaping the immunogenicity of native-like HIV-1 envelope trimers with a two-component protein nanoparticle Brouwer, Philip J. M.; Antanasijevic, Aleksandar; Berndsen, Zachary Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12080-1	journal	September 2019
Immunofocusing and enhancing autologous Tier-2 HIV-1 neutralization by displaying Env trimers on two-component protein nanoparticles Brouwer, Philip J. M.; Antanasijevic, Aleksandar; de Gast, Marlon npj Vaccines, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-021-00285-9	journal	February 2021
High thermostability improves neutralizing antibody responses induced by native-like HIV-1 envelope trimers del Moral-Sánchez, Iván; Russell, Rebecca A.; Schermer, Edith E. npj Vaccines, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-022-00446-4	journal	February 2022
Fine-mapping the immunodominant antibody epitopes on consensus sequence-based HIV-1 envelope trimer vaccine candidates Reiss, E. I. M. M.; van Haaren, M. M.; van Schooten, J. npj Vaccines, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-022-00576-9	journal	November 2022
Immunization expands B cells specific to HIV-1 V3 glycan in mice and macaques Escolano, Amelia; Gristick, Harry B.; Abernathy, Morgan E. Nature, Vol. 570, Issue 7762 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1250-z	journal	May 2019
Quadrivalent influenza nanoparticle vaccines induce broad protection Boyoglu-Barnum, Seyhan; Ellis, Daniel; Gillespie, Rebecca A. Nature, Vol. 592, Issue 7855 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03365-x	journal	March 2021
Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold Jumper, John; Evans, Richard; Pritzel, Alexander Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2	journal	July 2021
Broadly neutralizing antibodies target a haemagglutinin anchor epitope Guthmiller, Jenna J.; Han, Julianna; Utset, Henry A. Nature, Vol. 602, Issue 7896 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04356-8	journal	December 2021
Recent progress in broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV Sok, Devin; Burton, Dennis R. Nature Immunology, Vol. 19, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-018-0235-7	journal	October 2018
Epitope-based vaccine design yields fusion peptide-directed antibodies that neutralize diverse strains of HIV-1 Xu, Kai; Acharya, Priyamvada; Kong, Rui Nature Medicine, Vol. 24, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0042-6	journal	June 2018
A multiclade env–gag VLP mRNA vaccine elicits tier-2 HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies and reduces the risk of heterologous SHIV infection in macaques Zhang, Peng; Narayanan, Elisabeth; Liu, Qingbo Nature Medicine, Vol. 27, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01574-5	journal	December 2021
IDLV-HIV-1 Env vaccination in non-human primates induces affinity maturation of antigen-specific memory B cells Blasi, Maria; Negri, Donatella; LaBranche, Celia Communications Biology, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-018-0131-6	journal	September 2018
Engineered viral vaccine constructs with dual specificity: Avian influenza and Newcastle disease Park, M.-S.; Steel, J.; Garcia-Sastre, A. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 103, Issue 21, p. 8203-8208 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602566103	journal	May 2006
HIV-1 envelope trimer elicits more potent neutralizing antibody responses than monomeric gp120 Kovacs, James M.; Nkolola, Joseph P.; Peng, Hanqin Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 109, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1204533109	journal	July 2012
Highly potent HIV-specific antibody neutralization in vitro translates into effective protection against mucosal SHIV challenge in vivo Moldt, B.; Rakasz, E. G.; Schultz, N. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 109, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1214785109	journal	October 2012
Asymmetric recognition of the HIV-1 trimer by broadly neutralizing antibody PG9 Julien, Jean-Philippe; Lee, Jeong Hyun; Cupo, Albert Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 110, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1217537110	journal	February 2013
Cleavage strongly influences whether soluble HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers adopt a native-like conformation Ringe, R. P.; Sanders, R. W.; Yasmeen, A. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 110, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1314351110	journal	October 2013
Stable, uncleaved HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp140 forms a tightly folded trimer with a native-like structure Kovacs, James M.; Noeldeke, Erik; Ha, Heather Jiwon Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, Issue 52 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1422269112	journal	December 2014
Influenza chimeric hemagglutinin structures in complex with broadly protective antibodies to the stem and trimer interface Zhu, Xueyong; Han, Julianna; Sun, Weina Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 119, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2200821119	journal	May 2022
Assessment of a quadrivalent nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine that protects against group 2 influenza viruses McMahon, Meagan; O’Dell, George; Tan, Jessica Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 119, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2206333119	journal	November 2022
Biosynthesis, cleavage, and degradation of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 envelope glycoprotein gp160. Willey, R. L.; Bonifacino, J. S.; Potts, B. J. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 85, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.85.24.9580	journal	December 1988
Immunosilencing a Highly Immunogenic Protein Trimerization Domain Sliepen, Kwinten; van Montfort, Thijs; Melchers, Mark Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 290, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M114.620534	journal	January 2015
Aiming for protective T-cell responses: a focus on the first generation conserved-region HIVconsv vaccines in preventive and therapeutic clinical trials Hanke, Tomáš Expert Review of Vaccines, Vol. 18, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2019.1675518	journal	October 2019
Strategies for inducing effective neutralizing antibody responses against HIV-1 del Moral-Sánchez, Iván; Sliepen, Kwinten Expert Review of Vaccines, Vol. 18, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2019.1690458	journal	November 2019
Influenza vaccine: progress in a vaccine that elicits a broad immune response Isakova-Sivak, Irina; Stepanova, Ekaterina; Mezhenskaya, Daria Expert Review of Vaccines, Vol. 20, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2021.1964961	journal	August 2021
Passive transfer of modest titers of potent and broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibodies block SHIV infection in macaques Shingai, Masashi; Donau, Olivia K.; Plishka, Ronald J. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol. 211, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20132494	journal	August 2014
Design and crystal structure of a native-like HIV-1 envelope trimer that engages multiple broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in vivo Medina-Ramírez, Max; Garces, Fernando; Escolano, Amelia The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol. 214, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20161160	journal	August 2017
Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines induce potent T follicular helper and germinal center B cell responses Pardi, Norbert; Hogan, Michael J.; Naradikian, Martin S. Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol. 215, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20171450	journal	May 2018
HIV Type 1 Env Precursor Cleavage State Affects Recognition by Both Neutralizing and Nonneutralizing gp41 Antibodies Chakrabarti, Bimal K.; Pancera, Marie; Phogat, Sanjay AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, Vol. 27, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2010.0281	journal	August 2011
Influenza vaccines: where we are, where we are going Khalil, Nadim; Bernstein, David I. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, Vol. 34, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000001103	journal	January 2022
PHENIX: a comprehensive Python-based system for macromolecular structure solution Adams, Paul D.; Afonine, Pavel V.; Bunkóczi, Gábor Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography, Vol. 66, Issue 2, p. 213-221 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0907444909052925	journal	January 2010
Features and development of Coot Emsley, P.; Lohkamp, B.; Scott, W. G. Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography, Vol. 66, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0907444910007493	journal	March 2010
HIV envelope trimer-elicited autologous neutralizing antibodies bind a region overlapping the N332 glycan supersite Nogal, Bartek; McCoy, Laura E.; van Gils, Marit J. Science Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba0512	journal	June 2020
A Highly Conserved Neutralizing Epitope on Group 2 Influenza A Viruses Ekiert, D. C.; Friesen, R. H. E.; Bhabha, G. Science, Vol. 333, Issue 6044 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1204839	journal	July 2011
A Neutralizing Antibody Selected from Plasma Cells That Binds to Group 1 and Group 2 Influenza A Hemagglutinins Corti, D.; Voss, J.; Gamblin, S. J. Science, Vol. 333, Issue 6044 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1205669	journal	July 2011
Highly Conserved Protective Epitopes on Influenza B Viruses Dreyfus, C.; Laursen, N. S.; Kwaks, T. Science, Vol. 337, Issue 6100 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1222908	journal	August 2012
Crystal Structure of a Soluble Cleaved HIV-1 Envelope Trimer Julien, J. -P.; Cupo, A.; Sok, D. Science, Vol. 342, Issue 6165 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1245625	journal	October 2013
Cryo-EM Structure of a Fully Glycosylated Soluble Cleaved HIV-1 Envelope Trimer Lyumkis, D.; Julien, J. -P.; de Val, N. Science, Vol. 342, Issue 6165 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1245627	journal	October 2013
Dissociation of gp120 from HIV-1 virions induced by soluble CD4 Moore, J.; McKeating, J.; Weiss, R. Science, Vol. 250, Issue 4984 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2251501	journal	November 1990
HIV-1 Entry Cofactor: Functional cDNA Cloning of a Seven-Transmembrane, G Protein-Coupled Receptor Feng, Y.; Broder, C. C.; Kennedy, P. E. Science, Vol. 272, Issue 5263 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.272.5263.872	journal	May 1996
Binding of HTLV-III/LAV to T4 ⁺ T Cells by a Complex of the 110K Viral Protein and the T4 Molecule McDougal, J. S.; Kennedy, M. S.; Sligh, J. M. Science, Vol. 231, Issue 4736 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3001934	journal	January 1986
The leucine zipper: a hypothetical structure common to a new class of DNA binding proteins Landschulz, Wh; Johnson, Pf; McKnight, Sl Science, Vol. 240, Issue 4860 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3289117	journal	June 1988
A switch between two-, three-, and four-stranded coiled coils in GCN4 leucine zipper mutants Harbury, P.; Zhang, T; Kim, P. Science, Vol. 262, Issue 5138, p. 1401-1407 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8248779	journal	November 1993
HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies induced by native-like envelope trimers Sanders, R. W.; van Gils, M. J.; Derking, R. Science, Vol. 349, Issue 6244 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac4223	journal	June 2015
CAR T cell immunotherapy for human cancer June, Carl H.; O’Connor, Roddy S.; Kawalekar, Omkar U. Science, Vol. 359, Issue 6382 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar6711	journal	March 2018
Binding Interactions between Soluble HIV Envelope Glycoproteins and Quaternary-Structure-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies PG9 and PG16 Davenport, Thaddeus M.; Friend, Della; Ellingson, Katharine Journal of Virology, Vol. 85, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00411-11	journal	July 2011
Chimeric Hemagglutinin Influenza Virus Vaccine Constructs Elicit Broadly Protective Stalk-Specific Antibodies Krammer, Florian; Pica, Natalie; Hai, Rong Journal of Virology, Vol. 87, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00641-13	journal	June 2013
A Broadly Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody That Recognizes a Conserved, Novel Epitope on the Globular Head of the Influenza H1N1 Virus Hemagglutinin Krause, J. C.; Tsibane, T.; Tumpey, T. M. Journal of Virology, Vol. 85, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00700-11	journal	August 2011
Recombinant Soluble, Multimeric HA and NA Exhibit Distinctive Types of Protection against Pandemic Swine-Origin 2009 A(H1N1) Influenza Virus Infection in Ferrets Bosch, Berend Jan; Bodewes, Rogier; de Vries, Robert P. Journal of Virology, Vol. 84, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01035-10	journal	October 2010
Neutralizing Antibody Responses Induced by HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein SOSIP Trimers Derived from Elite Neutralizers Schorcht, Anna; van den Kerkhof, Tom L. G. M.; Cottrell, Christopher A. Journal of Virology, Vol. 94, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01214-20	journal	November 2020
Robust Neutralizing Antibodies Elicited by HIV-1 JRFL Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers in Nonhuman Primates Chakrabarti, Bimal K.; Feng, Yu; Sharma, Shailendra Kumar Journal of Virology, Vol. 87, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01247-13	journal	December 2013
Murine Antibody Responses to Cleaved Soluble HIV-1 Envelope Trimers Are Highly Restricted in Specificity Hu, Joyce K.; Crampton, Jordan C.; Cupo, Albert Journal of Virology, Vol. 89, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01653-15	journal	August 2015
Closing and Opening Holes in the Glycan Shield of HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein SOSIP Trimers Can Redirect the Neutralizing Antibody Response to the Newly Unmasked Epitopes Ringe, Rajesh P.; Pugach, Pavel; Cottrell, Christopher A. Journal of Virology, Vol. 93, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01656-18	journal	November 2018
Influences on the Design and Purification of Soluble, Recombinant Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers Ringe, Rajesh P.; Yasmeen, Anila; Ozorowski, Gabriel Journal of Virology, Vol. 89, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01768-15	journal	August 2015
New Member of the V1V2-Directed CAP256-VRC26 Lineage That Shows Increased Breadth and Exceptional Potency Doria-Rose, Nicole A.; Bhiman, Jinal N.; Roark, Ryan S. Journal of Virology, Vol. 90, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01791-15	journal	October 2015
Autologous Antibody Responses to an HIV Envelope Glycan Hole Are Not Easily Broadened in Rabbits Yang, Yuhe R.; McCoy, Laura E.; van Gils, Marit J. Journal of Virology, Vol. 94, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01861-19	journal	January 2020
Molecular Architecture of the Cleavage-Dependent Mannose Patch on a Soluble HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimer Behrens, Anna-Janina; Harvey, David J.; Milne, Emilia Journal of Virology, Vol. 91, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01894-16	journal	November 2016
Structure-Guided Redesign Increases the Propensity of HIV Env To Generate Highly Stable Soluble Trimers Guenaga, Javier; Dubrovskaya, Viktoriya; de Val, Natalia Journal of Virology, Vol. 90, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02652-15	journal	December 2015
Identification of an HIV-1 Clade A Envelope That Exhibits Broad Antigenicity and Neutralization Sensitivity and Elicits Antibodies Targeting Three Distinct Epitopes Hoffenberg, S.; Powell, R.; Carpov, A. Journal of Virology, Vol. 87, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02827-12	journal	March 2013
Flow Cytometry Reveals that H5N1 Vaccination Elicits Cross-Reactive Stem-Directed Antibodies from Multiple Ig Heavy-Chain Lineages Whittle, J. R. R.; Wheatley, A. K.; Wu, L. Journal of Virology, Vol. 88, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.03422-13	journal	February 2014
Single-Chain Soluble BG505.SOSIP gp140 Trimers as Structural and Antigenic Mimics of Mature Closed HIV-1 Env Georgiev, Ivelin S.; Joyce, M. Gordon; Yang, Yongping Journal of Virology, Vol. 89, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.03451-14	journal	March 2015
Engineering, Expression, Purification, and Characterization of Stable Clade A/B Recombinant Soluble Heterotrimeric gp140 Proteins Sellhorn, George; Kraft, Zane; Caldwell, Zachary Journal of Virology, Vol. 86, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.06363-11	journal	January 2012
A Recombinant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein Complex Stabilized by an Intermolecular Disulfide Bond between the gp120 and gp41 Subunits Is an Antigenic Mimic of the Trimeric Virion-Associated Structure Binley, J. M.; Sanders, R. W.; Clas, B. Journal of Virology, Vol. 74, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.74.2.627-643.2000	journal	January 2000
Stabilization of the Soluble, Cleaved, Trimeric Form of the Envelope Glycoprotein Complex of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Sanders, R. W.; Vesanen, M.; Schuelke, N. Journal of Virology, Vol. 76, Issue 17, p. 8875-8889 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.76.17.8875-8889.2002	journal	September 2002
Enhancing the Proteolytic Maturation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoproteins Binley, James M.; Sanders, Rogier W.; Master, Aditi Journal of Virology, Vol. 76, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.76.6.2606-2616.2002	journal	March 2002
GP120: Biologic Aspects of Structural Features Poignard, Pascal; Saphire, Erica Ollmann; Parren, Paul WHI Annual Review of Immunology, Vol. 19, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.253	journal	April 2001
scFv Antibody: Principles and Clinical Application Ahmad, Zuhaida Asra; Yeap, Swee Keong; Ali, Abdul Manaf Clinical and Developmental Immunology, Vol. 2012 https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/980250	journal	January 2012
The expanding array of HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies McCoy, Laura E. Retrovirology, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12977-018-0453-y	journal	October 2018
Design and Pre-Clinical Evaluation of a Universal HIV-1 Vaccine Létourneau, Sven; Im, Eung-Jun; Mashishi, Tumelo PLoS ONE, Vol. 2, Issue 10, Article No. e984 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000984	journal	October 2007
Heterosubtypic Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies Cross-Protective against H5N1 and H1N1 Recovered from Human IgM+ Memory B Cells Throsby, Mark; van den Brink, Edward; Jongeneelen, Mandy PLoS ONE, Vol. 3, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0003942	journal	December 2008
Enhanced Immunogenicity of Stabilized Trimeric Soluble Influenza Hemagglutinin Weldon, William C.; Wang, Bao-Zhong; Martin, Maria P. PLoS ONE, Vol. 5, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012466	journal	September 2010
A Recombinant Vaccine of H5N1 HA1 Fused with Foldon and Human IgG Fc Induced Complete Cross-Clade Protection against Divergent H5N1 Viruses Du, Lanying; Leung, Virtual Ho-Chuen; Zhang, Xiujuan PLoS ONE, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016555	journal	January 2011
Impact of Preexisting Adenovirus Vector Immunity on Immunogenicity and Protection Conferred with an Adenovirus-Based H5N1 Influenza Vaccine Pandey, Aseem; Singh, Neetu; Vemula, Sai V. PLoS ONE, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033428	journal	March 2012
A Novel Chimpanzee Adenovirus Vector with Low Human Seroprevalence: Improved Systems for Vector Derivation and Comparative Immunogenicity Dicks, Matthew D. J.; Spencer, Alexandra J.; Edwards, Nick J. PLoS ONE, Vol. 7, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040385	journal	July 2012
HIV-1-neutralizing antibody induced by simian adenovirus- and poxvirus MVA-vectored BG505 native-like envelope trimers Capucci, Silvia; Wee, Edmund G.; Schiffner, Torben PLOS ONE, Vol. 12, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181886	journal	August 2017
A Next-Generation Cleaved, Soluble HIV-1 Env Trimer, BG505 SOSIP.664 gp140, Expresses Multiple Epitopes for Broadly Neutralizing but Not Non-Neutralizing Antibodies Sanders, Rogier W.; Derking, Ronald; Cupo, Albert PLoS Pathogens, Vol. 9, Issue 9, Article No. e1003618 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003618	journal	September 2013
Sequential and Simultaneous Immunization of Rabbits with HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein SOSIP.664 Trimers from Clades A, B and C Klasse, P. J.; LaBranche, Celia C.; Ketas, Thomas J. PLOS Pathogens, Vol. 12, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005864	journal	September 2016
Epitopes for neutralizing antibodies induced by HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein BG505 SOSIP trimers in rabbits and macaques Klasse, P. J.; Ketas, Thomas J.; Cottrell, Christopher A. PLOS Pathogens, Vol. 14, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006913	journal	February 2018
Mapping the immunogenic landscape of near-native HIV-1 envelope trimers in non-human primates Cottrell, Christopher A.; van Schooten, Jelle; Bowman, Charles A. PLOS Pathogens, Vol. 16, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008753	journal	August 2020
A cross-neutralizing antibody between HIV-1 and influenza virus Lee, Chang-Chun D.; Watanabe, Yasunori; Wu, Nicholas C. PLOS Pathogens, Vol. 17, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009407	journal	March 2021
Engineering well-expressed, V2-immunofocusing HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein membrane trimers for use in heterologous prime-boost vaccine regimens Crooks, Emma T.; Almanza, Francisco; D’Addabbo, Alessio PLOS Pathogens, Vol. 17, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009807	journal	October 2021
Integrase-defective lentiviral-vector-based vaccine: a new vector for induction of T cell immunity Negri, Donatella RM; Michelini, Zuleika; Bona, Roberta Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, Vol. 11, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1517/14712598.2011.571670	journal	May 2011
HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein immunogens to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies Sliepen, Kwinten; Sanders, Rogier W. Expert Review of Vaccines, Vol. 15, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1586/14760584.2016.1129905	journal	December 2015
Simian Adenoviruses As Vaccine Vectors Morris, Susan J.; Sebastian, Sarah; Spencer, Alexandra J. Future Virology, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2016-0070	journal	September 2016
Integrase Defective Lentiviral Vector as a Vaccine Platform for Delivering Influenza Antigens Gallinaro, Alessandra; Borghi, Martina; Bona, Roberta Frontiers in Immunology, Vol. 9 https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00171	journal	February 2018
Rapid Response Subunit Vaccine Design in the Absence of Structural Information Wijesundara, Danushka K.; Avumegah, Michael S.; Lackenby, Julia Frontiers in Immunology, Vol. 11 https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.592370	journal	November 2020
Engineering and Characterization of a Fluorescent Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimer Sliepen, Kwinten; van Montfort, Thijs; Ozorowski, Gabriel Biomolecules, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/biom5042919	journal	October 2015
Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara as a Viral Vector for Vaccine Candidates against Chikungunya Virus García-Arriaza, Juan; Esteban, Mariano; López, Daniel Biomedicines, Vol. 9, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091122	journal	August 2021
Vaccinia Virus: From Crude Smallpox Vaccines to Elaborate Viral Vector Vaccine Design Kaynarcalidan, Onur; Moreno Mascaraque, Sara; Drexler, Ingo Biomedicines, Vol. 9, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9121780	journal	November 2021
A Comparison of Plasmid DNA and mRNA as Vaccine Technologies Liu, Margaret A. Vaccines, Vol. 7, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7020037	journal	April 2019
Specificity of CD8+ T-Cell Responses Following Vaccination with Conserved Regions of HIV-1 in Nairobi, Kenya Mohamed, Yehia S.; Borthwick, Nicola J.; Moyo, Nathifa Vaccines, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020260	journal	May 2020
Self-Replicating RNA Viruses for Vaccine Development against Infectious Diseases and Cancer Lundstrom, Kenneth Vaccines, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101187	journal	October 2021

Similar Records

Structure and immunogenicity of a stabilized HIV-1 envelope trimer based on a group-M consensus sequence

Journal Article · 2019 · Nature Communications · OSTI ID:1624156

Sliepen, Kwinten; Han, Byung Woo; Bontjer, Ilja; +32 more

Structure-Based Design of a Soluble Prefusion-Closed HIV-1 Env Trimer with Reduced CD4 Affinity and Improved Immunogenicity

Journal Article · 2017 · Journal of Virology · OSTI ID:1357627

Chuang, Gwo-Yu; Geng, Hui; Pancera, Marie; +17 more

Antigenic properties of a transport-competent influenza HA/HIV Env chimeric protein

Journal Article · 2006 · Virology · OSTI ID:20850544

Ling, Ye; Yuliang, Sun; Jianguo, Lin; +6 more

Related Subjects

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES

Title: Triple tandem trimer immunogens for HIV-1 and influenza nucleic acid-based vaccines

Citation Formats

References (155)

Similar Records

Related Subjects