Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance as a Tool to Probe the Impact of Mechanical Preprocessing on the Structure and Arrangement of Plant Cell Wall Polymers

Munson, Coyla R.; Gao, Yu; Mortimer, Jenny C.; Murray, Dylan T.

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.766506

Title: Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance as a Tool to Probe the Impact of Mechanical Preprocessing on the Structure and Arrangement of Plant Cell Wall Polymers

Journal Article · 12 January 2022 · Frontiers in Plant Science

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.766506 · OSTI ID:2470631

Munson, Coyla R. ^[1]; Gao, Yu ^[2]; Mortimer, Jenny C. ^[3]; Murray, Dylan T. ^[1]

Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of Adelaide, SA (Australia)

Efficient separation of the plant cell wall polymers during lignocellulose processing has been historically challenging due to insolubility of the polymers and their propensity for recalcitrant reassembly. Methods, such as “lignin first” extraction techniques, have advanced efficient biomass use, but the molecular mechanisms for recalcitrance remain enigmatic. Here, we discuss how solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) approaches report on the 3D organization of cellulose, xylan, and lignin in the plant cell wall. Recent results illustrate that the organization of these polymers varies across biomass sources and sample preparation methods, with even minimal physical processing causing significant effects. These structural differences contribute to variable extraction efficiencies for bioproducts after downstream processing. We propose that solid-state NMR methods can be applied to follow biomass processing, providing an understanding of the polymer rearrangements that can lead to poor yields for the desired bioproducts. The utility of the technique is illustrated for mechanical processing using lab-scale vibratory ball milling ofSorghum bicolor.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 2470631

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Name: Frontiers in Plant Science Vol. 12; ISSN 1664-462X

Publisher:: Frontiers Research FoundationCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (77)

3D Chemical Image using TOF-SIMS Revealing the Biopolymer Component Spatial and Lateral Distributions in Biomass Jung, Seokwon; Foston, Marcus; Kalluri, Udaya C. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 51, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201205243	journal	October 2012
Characterization and analysis of the molecular weight of lignin for biorefining studies Tolbert, Allison; Akinosho, Hannah; Khunsupat, Ratayakorn Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, Vol. 8, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1500	journal	June 2014
The current and emerging sources of technical lignins and their applications: Sources of Technical Lignins Li, Tao; Takkellapati, Sudhakar Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, Vol. 12, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1913	journal	July 2018
The structure of native cellulose Gardner, K. H.; Blackwell, J. Biopolymers, Vol. 13, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/bip.1974.360131005	journal	October 1974
Future prospects of delignification pretreatments for the lignocellulosic materials to produce second generation bioethanol Baig, K. Shahzad; Wu, J.; Turcotte, G. International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 43, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/er.4292	journal	February 2019
NMRPipe: A multidimensional spectral processing system based on UNIX pipes Delaglio, Frank; Grzesiek, Stephan; Vuister, GeertenW. Journal of Biomolecular NMR, Vol. 6, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00197809	journal	November 1995
Carbon-13 NMR distinction between categories of molecular order and disorder in cellulose Newman, Roger H.; Hemmingson, Jacqueline A. Cellulose, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00816383	journal	June 1995
Chemical diversity of lignin degradation products revealed by matrix-optimized MALDI mass spectrometry Qi, Yulin; Volmer, Dietrich A. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 411, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-01984-y	journal	July 2019
Effects of ball milling on the structure of cotton cellulose Ling, Zhe; Wang, Tuo; Makarem, Mohamadamin Cellulose, Vol. 26, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-02230-x	journal	January 2019
Ultrafine grinding of poplar biomass: effect of particle morphology on the liquefaction of biomass for methyl glycosides and phenolics Zhai, Qiaolong; Li, Fanglin; Wang, Fei Cellulose, Vol. 26, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02332-0	journal	March 2019
Assignment of non-crystalline forms in cellulose I by CP/MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy Wickholm, Kristina; Larsson, Per Tomas; Iversen, Tommy Carbohydrate Research, Vol. 312, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(98)00236-5	journal	November 1998
Understanding the influences of different pretreatments on recalcitrance of Populus natural variants Yao, Lan; Yang, Haitao; Yoo, Chang Geun Bioresource Technology, Vol. 265 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.057	journal	October 2018
Exploring the conformational space of amorphous cellulose using NMR chemical shifts Mori, Tetsuya; Chikayama, Eisuke; Tsuboi, Yuuri Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol. 90, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.027	journal	October 2012
Covalent interactions between lignin and hemicelluloses in plant secondary cell walls Terrett, Oliver M.; Dupree, Paul Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Vol. 56 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2018.10.010	journal	April 2019
Effect of mechanical activation on structure changes and reactivity in further chemical modification of lignin Zhao, Xiaohong; Zhang, Yanjuan; Hu, Huayu International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Vol. 91 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.074	journal	October 2016
The effect of ball milling on birch, pine, reed, walnut shell enzymatic hydrolysis recalcitrance and the structure of the isolated residual enzyme lignin Wang, Zhiwen; Zhu, Xiaotian; Deuss, Peter. J. Industrial Crops and Products, Vol. 167 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113493	journal	September 2021
Fast pyrolysis with fractional condensation of lignin-rich digested stillage from second-generation bioethanol production Priharto, Neil; Ronsse, Frederik; Yildiz, Güray Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, Vol. 145 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2019.104756	journal	January 2020
Plant cell wall polymers as precursors for biofuels Pauly, Markus; Keegstra, Kenneth Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Vol. 13, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2009.12.009	journal	June 2010
Solid-state NMR of plant and fungal cell walls: A critical review Zhao, Wancheng; Fernando, Liyanage D.; Kirui, Alex Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Vol. 107 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssnmr.2020.101660	journal	June 2020
Effects of Pectin Molecular Weight Changes on the Structure, Dynamics, and Polysaccharide Interactions of Primary Cell Walls of Arabidopsis thaliana : Insights from Solid-State NMR Phyo, Pyae; Wang, Tuo; Xiao, Chaowen Biomacromolecules, Vol. 18, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00888	journal	August 2017
Direct Determination of Hydroxymethyl Conformations of Plant Cell Wall Cellulose Using ¹ H Polarization Transfer Solid-State NMR Phyo, Pyae; Wang, Tuo; Yang, Yu Biomacromolecules, Vol. 19, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00039	journal	December 2017
Selective One-Dimensional ¹³ C– ¹³ C Spin-Diffusion Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Methods to Probe Spatial Arrangements in Biopolymers Including Plant Cell Walls, Peptides, and Spider Silk Addison, Bennett; Stengel, Dillan; Bharadwaj, Vivek S. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 124, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07759	journal	October 2020
On the Effect of Hot-Water Pretreatment in Sulfur-Free Pulping of Aspen and Wheat Straw Hyväkkö, Uula; Maltari, Riku; Kakko, Tia ACS Omega, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b02619	journal	December 2019
Approaches for More Efficient Biological Conversion of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks to Biofuels and Bioproducts Baral, Nawa Raj; Sundstrom, Eric R.; Das, Lalitendu ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 7, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b01229	journal	April 2019
Structure and Interactions of Plant Cell-Wall Polysaccharides by Two- and Three-Dimensional Magic-Angle-Spinning Solid-State NMR Dick-Pérez, Marilú; Zhang, Yuan; Hayes, Jennifer Biochemistry, Vol. 50, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/bi101795q	journal	February 2011
Pectin–Cellulose Interactions in the Arabidopsis Primary Cell Wall from Two-Dimensional Magic-Angle-Spinning Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Wang, Tuo; Zabotina, Olga; Hong, Mei Biochemistry, Vol. 51, Issue 49 https://doi.org/10.1021/bi3015532	journal	November 2012
Structure and Dynamics of Brachypodium Primary Cell Wall Polysaccharides from Two-Dimensional ¹³ C Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Wang, Tuo; Salazar, Andre; Zabotina, Olga A. Biochemistry, Vol. 53, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/bi500231b	journal	April 2014
Probing the Molecular Architecture of Arabidopsis thaliana Secondary Cell Walls Using Two- and Three-Dimensional ¹³ C Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Dupree, Ray; Simmons, Thomas J.; Mortimer, Jennifer C. Biochemistry, Vol. 54, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1021/bi501552k	journal	March 2015
Hydroxymethylfurfural, A Versatile Platform Chemical Made from Renewable Resources van Putten, Robert-Jan; van der Waal, Jan C.; de Jong, Ed Chemical Reviews, Vol. 113, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr300182k	journal	February 2013
What the X-Ray Tells Us of the Structure of Cellulose Hauser, E. A. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 21, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50230a006	journal	February 1929
X-Ray Studies of Crystallite Orientation in Cellulose Fibers Natural Fibers Sisson, Wayne A. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 27, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50301a012	journal	January 1935
Crystal Structure and Hydrogen-Bonding System in Cellulose Iβ from Synchrotron X-ray and Neutron Fiber Diffraction Nishiyama, Yoshiharu; Langan, Paul; Chanzy, Henri Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 124, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0257319	journal	August 2002
Water–Polysaccharide Interactions in the Primary Cell Wall of Arabidopsis thaliana from Polarization Transfer Solid-State NMR White, Paul B.; Wang, Tuo; Park, Yong Bum Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja504108h	journal	July 2014
Determination of Through-Bond Carbon−Carbon Connectivities in Solid-State NMR Using the INADEQUATE Experiment Lesage, Anne; Auger, Céline; Caldarelli, Stefano Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 119, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja971089k	journal	August 1997
Through-Bond Carbon−Carbon Connectivities in Disordered Solids by NMR Lesage, Anne; Bardet, Michel; Emsley, Lyndon Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 121, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja992272b	journal	December 1999
Solid-State Selective ¹³ C Excitation and Spin Diffusion NMR To Resolve Spatial Dimensions in Plant Cell Walls Foston, Marcus; Katahira, Rui; Gjersing, Erica Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 60, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf204853b	journal	February 2012
Studies of microstructure in native celluloses using solid-state carbon-13 NMR VanderHart, David L.; Atalla, R. H. Macromolecules, Vol. 17, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00138a009	journal	August 1984
Packing Analysis of Carbohydrates and Polysaccharides. III. Valonia Cellulose and Cellulose II Sarko, Anatole; Muggli, Reto Macromolecules, Vol. 7, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60040a016	journal	July 1974
Folding of xylan onto cellulose fibrils in plant cell walls revealed by solid-state NMR Simmons, Thomas J.; Mortimer, Jenny C.; Bernardinelli, Oigres D. Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13902	journal	December 2016
Lignin-polysaccharide interactions in plant secondary cell walls revealed by solid-state NMR Kang, Xue; Kirui, Alex; Dickwella Widanage, Malitha C. Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08252-0	journal	January 2019
Molecular architecture of softwood revealed by solid-state NMR Terrett, Oliver M.; Lyczakowski, Jan J.; Yu, Li Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12979-9	journal	October 2019
A grass-specific cellulose–xylan interaction dominates in sorghum secondary cell walls Gao, Yu; Lipton, Andrew S.; Wittmer, Yuuki Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19837-z	journal	November 2020
An even pattern of xylan substitution is critical for interaction with cellulose in plant cell walls Grantham, Nicholas J.; Wurman-Rodrich, Joel; Terrett, Oliver M. Nature Plants, Vol. 3, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-017-0030-8	journal	October 2017
Influence of amorphous cellulose on mechanical, thermal, and hydrolytic degradation of poly(lactic acid) biocomposites Wan Ishak, Wan Hafizi; Rosli, Noor Afizah; Ahmad, Ishak Scientific Reports, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68274-x	journal	July 2020
Solution-state 2D NMR of ball-milled plant cell wall gels in DMSO-d6/pyridine-d5 Kim, Hoon; Ralph, John Org. Biomol. Chem., Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/B916070A	journal	January 2010
A review of whole cell wall NMR by the direct-dissolution of biomass Foston, Marcus; Samuel, Reichel; He, Jian Green Chemistry, Vol. 18, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5GC02828K	journal	January 2016
Biomass pretreatment using deep eutectic solvents from lignin derived phenols Kim, Kwang Ho; Dutta, Tanmoy; Sun, Jian Green Chemistry, Vol. 20, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7GC03029K	journal	January 2018
Cellulolytic enzyme-aided extraction of hemicellulose from switchgrass and its characteristics Ding, Jinhua; Yoo, Chang Geun; Pu, Yunqiao Green Chemistry, Vol. 21, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1039/C9GC00252A	journal	January 2019
An improved catalytic pyrolysis concept for renewable aromatics from biomass involving a recycling strategy for co-produced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Genuino, Homer C.; Muizebelt, Inouk; Heeres, André Green Chemistry, Vol. 21, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1039/C9GC01485C	journal	January 2019
Comparing chemical composition and lignin structure of Miscanthus x giganteus and Miscanthus nagara harvested in autumn and spring and separated into stems and leaves Bergs, Michel; Do, Xuan Tung; Rumpf, Jessica RSC Advances, Vol. 10, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA10576J	journal	January 2020
Application of quantitative 31P NMR in biomass lignin and biofuel precursors characterization Pu, Yunqiao; Cao, Shilin; Ragauskas, Arthur J. Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 4, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ee01201k	journal	January 2011
Molecular domains of the cellulose/xyloglucan network in the cell walls of higher plants Pauly, Markus; Albersheim, Peter; Darvill, Alan The Plant Journal, Vol. 20, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00630.x	journal	December 1999
Through-space contributions to two-dimensional double-quantum J correlation NMR spectra of magic-angle-spinning solids Fayon, Franck; Massiot, Dominique; Levitt, Malcolm H. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 122, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1898219	journal	May 2005
Nanostructure of cellulose microfibrils in spruce wood Fernandes, A. N.; Thomas, L. H.; Altaner, C. M. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1108942108	journal	November 2011
Sensitivity-enhanced solid-state NMR detection of expansin's target in plant cell walls Wang, T.; Park, Y. B.; Caporini, M. A. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 110, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1316290110	journal	September 2013
Redesigning plant cell walls for the biomass-based bioeconomy Carpita, Nicholas C.; McCann, Maureen C. Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 295, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.REV120.014561	journal	August 2020
On the Quantification of Lignin Hydroxyl Groups With ³¹ P and ¹³ C NMR Spectroscopy Balakshin, Mikhail; Capanema, Ewellyn Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 35, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2014.928328	journal	April 2015
NMRFAM-SPARKY: enhanced software for biomolecular NMR spectroscopy Lee, Woonghee; Tonelli, Marco; Markley, John L. Bioinformatics, Vol. 31, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu830	journal	December 2014
Solid-state 13C-NMR spectroscopy shows that the xyloglucans in the primary cell walls of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) occur in different domains: a new model for xyloglucan-cellulose interactions in the cell wall Bootten, T. J. Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 55, Issue 397 https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erh065	journal	January 2004
Solid-state NMR investigations of cellulose structure and interactions with matrix polysaccharides in plant primary cell walls Wang, Tuo; Hong, Mei Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 67, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv416	journal	September 2015
A Revised Architecture of Primary Cell Walls Based on Biomechanical Changes Induced by Substrate-Specific Endoglucanases Park, Yong Bum; Cosgrove, Daniel J. Plant Physiology, Vol. 158, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.111.192880	journal	February 2012
Cellulose-Pectin Spatial Contacts Are Inherent to Never-Dried Arabidopsis Primary Cell Walls: Evidence from Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Wang, Tuo; Park, Yong Bum; Cosgrove, Daniel J. Plant Physiology, Vol. 168, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.15.00665	journal	June 2015
Evolution of xylan substitution patterns in gymnosperms and angiosperms: implications for xylan interaction with cellulose Busse-Wicher, Marta; Li, An; Silveira, Rodrigo L. Plant Physiology https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.16.00539	journal	June 2016
The Structure of Plant Cell Walls: I. The Macromolecular Components of the Walls of Suspension-cultured Sycamore Cells with a Detailed Analysis of the Pectic Polysaccharides Talmadge, Kenneth W.; Keegstra, Kenneth; Bauer, Wolfgang D. Plant Physiology, Vol. 51, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.51.1.158	journal	January 1973
The Structure of Plant Cell Walls: III. A Model of the Walls of Suspension-cultured Sycamore Cells Based on the Interconnections of the Macromolecular Components Keegstra, Kenneth; Talmadge, Kenneth W.; Bauer, W. D. Plant Physiology, Vol. 51, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.51.1.188	journal	January 1973
Arabinosyl Deacetylase Modulates the Arabinoxylan Acetylation Profile and Secondary Wall Formation Zhang, Lanjun; Gao, Chengxu; Mentink-Vigier, Frederic The Plant Cell, Vol. 31, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.18.00894	journal	March 2019
An update on enzymatic cocktails for lignocellulose breakdown Lopes, A. M.; Ferreira Filho, E. X.; Moreira, L. R. S. Journal of Applied Microbiology, Vol. 125, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13923	journal	July 2018
The plant cell wall: Biosynthesis, construction, and functions Zhang, Baocai; Gao, Yihong; Zhang, Lanjun Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Vol. 63, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13055	journal	January 2021
Unlocking the potential of lignocellulosic biomass through plant science Marriott, Poppy E.; Gómez, Leonardo D.; McQueen-Mason, Simon J. New Phytologist, Vol. 209, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13684	journal	October 2015
Hemicelluloses Scheller, Henrik Vibe; Ulvskov, Peter Annual Review of Plant Biology, Vol. 61, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112315	journal	June 2010
Crystallinity of Cellulose and Its Significance for the Fiber Properties Ward, Kyle Textile Research Journal, Vol. 20, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1177/004051755002000601	journal	June 1950
An automated growth enclosure for metabolic labeling of Arabidopsis thaliana with 13C-carbon dioxide - an in vivo labeling system for proteomics and metabolomics research Chen, Wen-Ping; Yang, Xiao-Yuan; Harms, Geoffrey L. Proteome Science, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5956-9-9	journal	January 2011
Progress in understanding and overcoming biomass recalcitrance: a BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) perspective Gilna, Paul; Lynd, Lee R.; Mohnen, Debra Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-017-0971-1	journal	November 2017
Current Understanding of the Correlation of Lignin Structure with Biomass Recalcitrance Li, Mi; Pu, Yunqiao; Ragauskas, Arthur J. Frontiers in Chemistry, Vol. 4 https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2016.00045	journal	November 2016
Direct Measurement of Plant Cellulose Microfibril and Bundles in Native Cell Walls Song, Bo; Zhao, Shuai; Shen, Wei Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 11 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00479	journal	April 2020
Analysis of Cellulose and Lignocellulose Materials by Raman Spectroscopy: A Review of the Current Status Agarwal, Umesh P. Molecules, Vol. 24, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24091659	journal	April 2019
Characterization of Lignin Compounds at the Molecular Level: Mass Spectrometry Analysis and Raw Data Processing Zhang, Ruochun; Qi, Yulin; Ma, Chao Molecules, Vol. 26, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010178	journal	January 2021

Similar Records

A grass-specific cellulose–xylan interaction dominates in sorghum secondary cell walls

Journal Article · 2020 · Nature Communications · OSTI ID:1724443

Gao, Yu; Lipton, Andrew S.; Wittmer, Yuuki; +2 more

Overexpression of the rice BAHD acyltransferase AT10 increases xylan-bound p-coumarate and reduces lignin in Sorghum bicolor

Journal Article · 2021 · Biotechnology for Biofuels · OSTI ID:1832048

Tian, Yang; Lin, Chien-Yuan; Park, Joon-Hyun; +12 more

Data for Rapid and High-Throughput Determination of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Biomass Composition using Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

Dataset · 2024 · OSTI ID:3014825

Ahmed, Md Wadud; Esquerre, Carlos A.; Eilts, Kristen; +6 more

Related Subjects

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Sorghum bicolor
ball milling
cellulose
hemicellulose
lignin
preprocessing
recalcitrance (saccharification)
solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance

Title: Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance as a Tool to Probe the Impact of Mechanical Preprocessing on the Structure and Arrangement of Plant Cell Wall Polymers

Citation Formats

References (77)

Similar Records

Related Subjects