SGD-OD: investigating the potential oxygen demand of submarine groundwater discharge in coastal systems

Moore, Willard S.; Benitez-Nelson, Claudia; Schutte, Charles; Moody, Amy; Shiller, Alan; Sibert, Ryan J.; Joye, Samantha

doi:10.1038/s41598-024-59229-7

Title: SGD-OD: investigating the potential oxygen demand of submarine groundwater discharge in coastal systems

Journal Article · 21 April 2024 · Scientific Reports

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59229-7 · OSTI ID:2469793

^[1]; Benitez-Nelson, Claudia ^[1]; Schutte, Charles ^[2]; Moody, Amy ^[3];

^[3]; Sibert, Ryan J. ^[4];

^[4]

University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC (United States)
Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ (United States)
University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS (United States)
University of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) supplies nutrients, carbon, metals, and radionuclide tracers to estuarine and coastal waters. One aspect of SGD that is poorly recognized is its direct effect on dissolved oxygen (DO) demand in receiving waters, denoted here as SGD-OD. Sulfate-mediated oxidation of organic matter in salty coastal aquifers produces numerous reduced byproducts including sulfide, ammonia, dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen, methane, and reduced metals. When these byproducts are introduced to estuarine and coastal systems by SGD and are oxidized, they may substantially reduce the DO concentration in receiving waters and impact organisms living there. We consider six estuarine and coastal sites where SGD derived fluxes of reduced byproducts are well documented. Using data from these sites we present a semiquantitative model to estimate the effect of these byproducts on DO in the receiving waters. Without continued aeration with atmospheric oxygen, the study sites would have experienced periodic hypoxic conditions due to SGD-OD. The presence of H2S supplied by SGD could also impact organisms. This process is likely prevalent in other systems worldwide.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0014664

OSTI ID:: 2469793

Journal Information:: Scientific Reports, Journal Name: Scientific Reports Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 14; ISSN 2045-2322

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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