Identification of equine mares as reservoir hosts for pathogenic species of Leptospira

Hamond, Camila; Adam, Emma N.; Stone, Nathan E.; LeCount, Karen; Anderson, Tammy; Putz, Ellie J.; Camp, Patrick; Hicks, Jessica; Stuber, Tod; van der Linden, Hans; Bayles, Darrell O.; Sahl, Jason W.; Schlater, Linda K.; Wagner, David M.; Nally, Jarlath E.

doi:10.3389/fvets.2024.1346713

Title: Identification of equine mares as reservoir hosts for pathogenic species of Leptospira

Journal Article · 09 May 2024 · Frontiers in Veterinary Science

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1346713 · OSTI ID:2469771

Hamond, Camila ^[1]; Adam, Emma N. ^[2]; Stone, Nathan E. ^[3]; LeCount, Karen ^[1]; Anderson, Tammy ^[1]; Putz, Ellie J. ^[4]; Camp, Patrick ^[1]; Hicks, Jessica ^[1]; Stuber, Tod ^[1]; van der Linden, Hans ^[5]; Bayles, Darrell O. ^[1]; Sahl, Jason W. ^[3]; Schlater, Linda K. ^[1]; Wagner, David M. ^[3]; Nally, Jarlath E. ^[1]

US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, IA (United States)
Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (United States)
Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ (United States)
US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, IA (United States). Agricultural Research Service (ARS)
Univ. of Amsterdam (Netherlands)

Equine leptospirosis can result in abortion, stillbirth, neonatal death, placentitis, and uveitis. Horses can also act as subclinical reservoir hosts of infection, which are characterized as asymptomatic carriers that persistently excrete leptospires and transmit disease. In this study, PCR and culture were used to assess urinary shedding of pathogenic Leptospira from 37 asymptomatic mares. Three asymptomatic mares, designated as H2, H8, and H9, were PCR-positive for lipL32, a gene specific for pathogenic species of Leptospira. One asymptomatic mare, H9, was culture-positive, and the recovered isolate was classified as L. kirschneri serogroup Australis serovar Rushan. DNA capture and enrichment of Leptospira genomic DNA from PCR-positive, culture-negative samples determined that asymptomatic mare H8 was also shedding L. kirschneri serogroup Australis, whereas asymptomatic mare H2 was shedding L. interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae. Sera from all asymptomatic mares were tested by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and 35 of 37 (94.6%) were seropositive with titers ranging from 1:100 to 1:3200. In contrast to asymptomatic mares, mare H44 presented with acute spontaneous abortion and a serum MAT titer of 1:102,400 to L. interrogans serogroup Pomona serovar Pomona. Comparison of L. kirschneri serogroup Australis strain H9 with that of L. interrogans serogroup Pomona strain H44 in the hamster model of leptospirosis corroborated differences in virulence of strains. Since lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a protective antigen in bacterin vaccines, the LPS of strain H9 (associated with subclinical carriage) was compared with strain H44 (associated with spontaneous abortion). This revealed different LPS profiles and immunoreactivity with reference antisera. It is essential to know what species and serovars of Leptospira are circulating in equine populations to design efficacious vaccines and diagnostic tests. Our results demonstrate that horses in the US can act as reservoir hosts of leptospirosis and shed diverse pathogenic Leptospira species via urine. This report also details the detection of L. kirschneri serogroup Australis serovar Rushan, a species and serotype of Leptospira, not previously reported in the US.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0014664

OSTI ID:: 2469771

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Name: Frontiers in Veterinary Science Vol. 11; ISSN 2297-1769

Publisher:: Frontiers Media S.A.Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (80)

Using MUMmer to Identify Similar Regions in Large Sequence Sets Delcher, Arthur L.; Salzberg, Steven L.; Phillippy, Adam M. Current Protocols in Bioinformatics, Vol. 00, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/0471250953.bi1003s00	journal	January 2003
Leptospirosis Serodiagnosis by the Microscopic Agglutination Test Goris, Marga G. A.; Hartskeerl, Rudy A. Current Protocols in Microbiology, Vol. 32, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/9780471729259.mc12e05s32	journal	February 2014
Basic local alignment search tool Altschul, Stephen F.; Gish, Warren; Miller, Webb Journal of Molecular Biology, Vol. 215, Issue 3, p. 403-410 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2	journal	October 1990
Dihydrostreptomycin treatment of bovine carriers of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo Ellis, W. A.; Montgomery, J.; Cassells, J. A. Research in Veterinary Science, Vol. 39, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-5288(18)31716-8	journal	November 1985
Detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. through TaqMan polymerase chain reaction targeting the LipL32 gene Stoddard, Robyn A.; Gee, Jay E.; Wilkins, Patricia P. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Vol. 64, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2009.03.014	journal	July 2009
Optimization of LipL32 PCR assay for increased sensitivity in diagnosing leptospirosis Galloway, Renee L.; Hoffmaster, Alex R. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Vol. 82, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.03.024	journal	July 2015
Circulating Foamy Macrophages in the Golden Syrian Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) Model of Leptospirosis Putz, Ellie J.; Andreasen, Claire B.; Stasko, Judith A. Journal of Comparative Pathology, Vol. 189 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.10.004	journal	November 2021
Role of Intraocular Leptospira Infections in the Pathogenesis of Equine Recurrent Uveitis in the Southern United States Polle, Florence; Storey, Eric; Eades, Susan Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, Vol. 34, Issue 11-12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2014.09.010	journal	November 2014
Serological Surveillance of Equine Leptospirosis in Croatia in the Period From 2012 to 2022: A Key Insight Into the Changing Epizootiology Benvin, Iva; Perko, Vesna Mojčec; Maljković, Maja Maurić Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, Vol. 127 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104844	journal	August 2023
Some like it hot, some like it cold; proteome comparison of Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo strains propagated at different temperatures Putz, Ellie J.; Fernandes, Luis G. V.; Sivasankaran, Sathesh K. Journal of Proteomics, Vol. 262 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104602	journal	June 2022
A study of leptospirosis in South African horses and associated risk factors Simbizi, V.; Saulez, M. N.; Potts, A. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Vol. 134 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.09.019	journal	November 2016
Microbiological and serological study of leptospirosis in horses at slaughter: first isolations Rocha, T. Research in Veterinary Science, Vol. 76, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2003.12.003	journal	June 2004
A unique genotype of Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona type kennewicki is associated with equine abortion Timoney, John F.; Kalimuthusamy, Natarajaseenivasan; Velineni, Sridhar Veterinary Microbiology, Vol. 150, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.02.049	journal	June 2011
Presence of leptospires on genital tract of mares with reproductive problems Hamond, Camila; Pestana, Cristiane P.; Rocha-de-Souza, Cláudio Marcos Veterinary Microbiology, Vol. 179, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.06.014	journal	September 2015
Isolation and characterization of pathogenic leptospires associated with cattle Nally, Jarlath E.; Hornsby, Richard L.; Alt, David P. Veterinary Microbiology, Vol. 218 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.023	journal	May 2018
ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates Kalyaanamoorthy, Subha; Minh, Bui Quang; Wong, Thomas K. F. Nature Methods, Vol. 14, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285	journal	May 2017
Isolation and propagation of leptospires at 37 °C directly from the mammalian host Hornsby, Richard L.; Alt, David P.; Nally, Jarlath E. Scientific Reports, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66526-4	journal	June 2020
Assessing rodents as carriers of pathogenic Leptospira species in the U.S. Virgin Islands and their risk to animal and public health Hamond, Camila; Browne, A. Springer; de Wilde, Leah H. Scientific Reports, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-04846-3	journal	January 2022
Pathogenic Leptospira are widespread in the urban wildlife of southern California Helman, Sarah K.; Tokuyama, Amanda F. N.; Mummah, Riley O. Scientific Reports, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40322-2	journal	September 2023
A Methylated Phosphate Group and Four Amide-linked Acyl Chains in Leptospira interrogans Lipid A Que-Gewirth, Nanette L. S.; Ribeiro, Anthony A.; Kalb, Suzanne R. Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 279, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M400598200	journal	June 2004
SPAdes: A New Genome Assembly Algorithm and Its Applications to Single-Cell Sequencing Bankevich, Anton; Nurk, Sergey; Antipov, Dmitry Journal of Computational Biology, Vol. 19, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1089/cmb.2012.0021	journal	May 2012
The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools Li, H.; Handsaker, B.; Wysoker, A. Bioinformatics, Vol. 25, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp352	journal	June 2009
Minimap2: pairwise alignment for nucleotide sequences Li, Heng Bioinformatics, Vol. 34, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty191	journal	May 2018
IQ-TREE: A Fast and Effective Stochastic Algorithm for Estimating Maximum-Likelihood Phylogenies Nguyen, Lam-Tung; Schmidt, Heiko A.; von Haeseler, Arndt Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol. 32, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300	journal	November 2014
Further determination of DNA relatedness between serogroups and serovars in the family Leptospiraceae with a proposal for Leptospira alexanderi sp. nov. and four new Leptospira genomospecies Brenner, Don J.; Kaufmann, Arnold F.; Sulzer, Katherine R. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, Vol. 49, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-49-2-839	journal	April 1999
Leptospira dzianensis and Leptospira putramalaysiae are later heterotypic synonyms of Leptospira yasudae and Leptospira stimsonii Casanovas-Massana, Arnau; Vincent, Antony T.; Bourhy, Pascale International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, Vol. 71, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004713	journal	June 2019
Leptospira ainlahdjerensis sp. nov., Leptospira ainazelensis sp. nov., Leptospira abararensis sp. nov. and Leptospira chreensis sp. nov., four new species isolated from water sources in Algeria Korba, Anissa Amara; Lounici, Hakim; Kainiu, Malia International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, Vol. 71, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.005148	journal	December 2021
Leptospira sanjuanensis sp. nov., a pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira isolated from soil in Puerto Rico Fernandes, Luis G. V.; Stone, Nathan E.; Roe, Chandler C. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, Vol. 72, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.005560	journal	October 2022
NASP: an accurate, rapid method for the identification of SNPs in WGS datasets that supports flexible input and output formats Sahl, Jason W.; Lemmer, Darrin; Travis, Jason Microbial Genomics, Vol. 2, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000074	journal	August 2016
The Genome Analysis Toolkit: A MapReduce framework for analyzing next-generation DNA sequencing data McKenna, A.; Hanna, M.; Banks, E. Genome Research, Vol. 20, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.107524.110	journal	July 2010
Leptospirosis: An important infectious disease in North American horses Divers, T. J.; Chang, Y. ‐F.; Irby, N. L. Equine Veterinary Journal, Vol. 51, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13069	journal	January 2019
Equine leptospirosis: Experimental challenge of Leptospira interrogans serovar Bratislava fails to establish infection in naïve horses Zilch, Tiago J.; Lee, Jen‐Jie; Saleem, Muhammad Zain Equine Veterinary Journal, Vol. 53, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13442	journal	March 2021
The reproductive syndrome in equine leptospirosis Chang, Yung‐Fu Equine Veterinary Journal, Vol. 53, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13447	journal	June 2021
Classification of Leptospira from the Eyes of Horses Suffering from Recurrent Uveitis Hartskeerl, R. A.; Goris, M. G. A.; Brem, S. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B, Vol. 51, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.2004.00740.x	journal	April 2004
Animal Reservoirs of Leptospires Babudieri, B. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 70, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1958.tb35398.x	journal	June 1958
Leptospiral infection in horses in Northern Ireland: Serological and microbiological findings Ellis, W. A.; O'Brien, J. J.; Cassells, J. A. Equine Veterinary Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01809.x	journal	October 1983
Leptospiral infection in aborted equine foetuses Ellis, W. A.; Bryson, D. G.; O'Brien, J. J. Equine Veterinary Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01811.x	journal	October 1983
Serological and microbiological findings on 3 farms with equine leptospiral abortions Williams, Deborah M.; Smith, B. J.; Donahue, J. M. Equine Veterinary Journal, Vol. 26, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1994.tb04345.x	journal	March 1994
Proteomic Analysis of Leptospira interrogans Shed in Urine of Chronically Infected Hosts Monahan, Avril M.; Callanan, John J.; Nally, Jarlath E. Infection and Immunity, Vol. 76, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00511-08	journal	November 2008
Characterization of the Outer Membrane Proteome of Leptospira interrogans Expressed during Acute Lethal Infection Nally, Jarlath E.; Whitelegge, Julian P.; Bassilian, Sara Infection and Immunity, Vol. 75, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00741-06	journal	February 2007
Temperature-Regulated Protein Synthesis by Leptospira interrogans Nally, Jarlath E.; Timoney, John F.; Stevenson, Brian Infection and Immunity, Vol. 69, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.69.1.400-404.2001	journal	January 2001
Molecular Characterization of Thermoinduced Immunogenic Proteins Q1p42 and Hsp15 of Leptospira interrogans Nally, Jarlath E.; Artiushin, Sergey; Timoney, John F. Infection and Immunity, Vol. 69, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.69.12.7616-7624.2001	journal	December 2001
Comparative Genomics of Two Leptospira interrogans Serovars Reveals Novel Insights into Physiology and Pathogenesis Nascimento, A. L. T. O.; Ko, A. I.; Martins, E. A. L. Journal of Bacteriology, Vol. 186, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.186.7.2164-2172.2004	journal	April 2004
Improved Microtechnique for the Leptospiral Microscopic Agglutination Test Cole, John R.; Sulzer, Catherine R.; Pursell, Alfred R. Applied Microbiology, Vol. 25, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1128/am.25.6.976-980.1973	journal	June 1973
Complete Genome Sequence of Leptospira interrogans Serovar Bratislava, Strain PigK151 Alt, David P.; Wilson-Welder, Jennifer H.; Bayles, Darrell O. Genome Announcements, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.00678-15	journal	June 2015
Differentiation of Pathogenic and Saprophytic Leptospires I. Growth at Low Temperatures Johnson, Russell C.; Harris, Virginia G. Journal of Bacteriology, Vol. 94, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.94.1.27-31.1967	journal	July 1967
Role of cattle in the maintenance of Leptospira interrogans serotype hardjo infection in Northern Ireland Ellis, W.; O'Brien, J.; Cassells, J. Veterinary Record, Vol. 108, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.108.26.555	journal	June 1981
Serological prevalence of Leptospira interrogans serovar Bratislava in horses in Mongolia Odontsetseg, N.; Boldbaatar, D.; Mweene, A. S. Veterinary Record, Vol. 157, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.157.17.518	journal	October 2005
Leptospirosis in Equine Fetuses, Stillborn Foals, and Placentas Poonacha, K. B.; Donahue, J. M.; Giles, R. C. Veterinary Pathology, Vol. 30, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1177/030098589303000405	journal	July 1993
Seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. in Colorado equids and association with clinical disease Fagre, Anna C.; Mayo, Christie E.; Pabilonia, Kristy L. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, Vol. 32, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638720943155	journal	July 2020
Diagnosis and Prevalence of Leptospira Infection in Aborted and Stillborn Horses Donahue, James M.; Smith, Barbara J.; Redmon, Kevin J. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1177/104063879100300208	journal	April 1991
Isolation ofLeptospira InterrogansSerovarsBratislavaandHardjofrom Swine at Slaughter Bolin, Carole A.; Cassells, James A. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1177/104063879200400121	journal	January 1992
Prevalence and Serovars of Leptospira Involved in Equine Abortions in Central Kentucky during the 1990 Foaling Season Donahue, James M.; Smith, Barbara J.; Donahoe, Judy K. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, Vol. 4, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1177/104063879200400309	journal	July 1992
Prevalence and Serovars of Leptospira Involved in Equine Abortions in Central Kentucky during the 1991–1993 Foaling Seasons Donahue, James M.; Smith, Barbara J.; Poonacha, Kockanda B. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1177/104063879500700114	journal	January 1995
Leptospira seroprevalence and associations between seropositivity, clinical disease and host factors in horses Båverud, V.; Gunnarsson, A.; Engvall, E. Olsson Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, Vol. 51, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-51-15	journal	March 2009
Improved metagenomic analysis with Kraken 2 Wood, Derrick E.; Lu, Jennifer; Langmead, Ben Genome Biology, Vol. 20, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-019-1891-0	journal	November 2019
Urine shedding patterns of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in dairy cows Monti, Gustavo; Montes, Victor; Tortosa, Pablo Veterinary Research, Vol. 54, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-023-01190-w	journal	July 2023
Global Morbidity and Mortality of Leptospirosis: A Systematic Review Costa, Federico; Hagan, José E.; Calcagno, Juan PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol. 9, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003898	journal	September 2015
Emerging Infectious Disease Implications of Invasive Mammalian Species: The Greater White-Toothed Shrew (Crocidura russula) Is Associated With a Novel Serovar of Pathogenic Leptospira in Ireland Nally, Jarlath E.; Arent, Zbigniew; Bayles, Darrell O. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol. 10, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005174	journal	December 2016
Revisiting the taxonomy and evolution of pathogenicity of the genus Leptospira through the prism of genomics Vincent, Antony T.; Schiettekatte, Olivier; Goarant, Cyrille PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol. 13, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007270	journal	May 2019
Genus-wide Leptospira core genome multilocus sequence typing for strain taxonomy and global surveillance Guglielmini, Julien; Bourhy, Pascale; Schiettekatte, Olivier PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol. 13, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007374	journal	April 2019
Distinct transcriptional profiles of Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo strains JB197 and HB203 cultured at different temperatures Putz, Ellie J.; Sivasankaran, Sathesh K.; Fernandes, Luis G. V. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol. 15, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009320	journal	April 2021
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins in the Urine of Reservoir Hosts of Leptospirosis Nally, Jarlath E.; Monahan, Avril M.; Miller, Ian S. PLoS ONE, Vol. 6, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026046	journal	October 2011
Seroprevalence, frequency of leptospiuria, and associated risk factors in horses in Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska from 2016-2017 Trimble, Amanda C.; Blevins, Christopher A.; Beard, Laurie A. PLOS ONE, Vol. 13, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206639	journal	October 2018
The OmpA-Like Protein Loa22 Is Essential for Leptospiral Virulence Ristow, Paula; Bourhy, Pascale; McBride, Flávia Weykamp da Cruz PLoS Pathogens, Vol. 3, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.0030097	journal	July 2007
Genome features of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni Nascimento, A. L. T. O.; Verjovski-Almeida, S.; Van Sluys, M. A. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, Vol. 37, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2004000400003	journal	April 2004
Mashtree: a rapid comparison of whole genome sequence files Katz, Lee; Griswold, Taylor; Morrison, Shatavia Journal of Open Source Software, Vol. 4, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01762	journal	December 2019
Herd prevalence and risk factors of Leptospira infection in beef cow/calf operations in the United States Wikse, Steven, E.; Rogers, Glenn M.; Ramachandran, Satheesh The Bovine Practitioner https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol41no1p15-23	journal	March 2007
Infertility and abortion among first-lactation dairy cows seropositive or seronegative for Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo Guitian, Javier; Thurmond, Mark C.; Hietala, Sharon K. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, Vol. 215, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.1999.215.04.515	journal	August 1999
A global one health perspective on leptospirosis in humans and animals Sykes, Jane E.; Haake, David A.; Gamage, Chandika D. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, Vol. 260, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.22.06.0258	journal	October 2022
Pathogenic Leptospires Modulate Protein Expression and Post-translational Modifications in Response to Mammalian Host Signals Nally, Jarlath E.; Grassmann, Andre A.; Planchon, Sébastien Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00362	journal	August 2017
Inbred Rats as a Model to Study Persistent Renal Leptospirosis and Associated Cellular Immune Responsiveness Nally, Jarlath E.; Wilson-Welder, Jennifer H.; Hornsby, Richard L. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Vol. 8 https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2018.00066	journal	March 2018
Investigating the Immunological and Biological Equilibrium of Reservoir Hosts and Pathogenic Leptospira: Balancing the Solution to an Acute Problem? Putz, Ellie J.; Nally, Jarlath E. Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 11 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.02005	journal	August 2020
Evaluation of LipL32 and LigA/LigB Knockdown Mutants in Leptospira interrogans Serovar Copenhageni: Impacts to Proteome and Virulence Fernandes, Luis G. V.; Putz, Ellie J.; Stasko, Judith Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 12 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.799012	journal	February 2022
Evaluation of Leptospira interrogans knockdown mutants for LipL32, LipL41, LipL21, and OmpL1 proteins Fernandes, Luis G. V.; Teixeira, Aline F.; Nascimento, Ana L. T. O. Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 14 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1199660	journal	June 2023
Isolation and characterization of saprophytic and pathogenic strains of Leptospira from water sources in the Midwestern United States Hamond, Camila; LeCount, Karen; Anderson, Tammy Frontiers in Water, Vol. 6 https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1278088	journal	February 2024
Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo and Leptospira santarosai serogroup Pyrogenes isolated from bovine dairy herds in Puerto Rico Hamond, Camila; Dirsmith, Katherine L.; LeCount, Karen Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol. 9 https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1025282	journal	November 2022
Bovine Leptospirosis Due to Persistent Renal Carriage of Leptospira borgpetersenii Serovar Tarassovi Hamond, Camila; LeCount, Karen; Putz, Ellie J. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol. 9 https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.848664	journal	April 2022
DNA Capture and Enrichment: A Culture-Independent Approach for Characterizing the Genomic Diversity of Pathogenic Leptospira Species Stone, Nathan E.; McDonough, Ryelan F.; Hamond, Camila Microorganisms, Vol. 11, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11051282	journal	May 2023
Comparison of Real-Time PCR, Bacteriologic Culture and Fluorescent Antibody Test for the Detection of Leptospira borgpetersenii in Urine of Naturally Infected Cattle Nally, Jarlath E.; Ahmed, Ahmed A. A.; Putz, Ellie J. Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7020066	journal	May 2020

Similar Records

Assessing rodents as carriers of pathogenic Leptospira species in the U.S. Virgin Islands and their risk to animal and public health

Journal Article · 2022 · Scientific Reports · OSTI ID:1905046

Hamond, Camila; Browne, A. Springer; de Wilde, Leah H.; +20 more

Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019–2020

Journal Article · 2021 · PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases (Online) · OSTI ID:1904897

Cranford, Hannah M.; Browne, A. Springer; LeCount, Karen; +33 more

Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo and Leptospira santarosai serogroup Pyrogenes isolated from bovine dairy herds in Puerto Rico

Journal Article · 2022 · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · OSTI ID:2425558

Hamond, Camila; Dirsmith, Katherine L.; LeCount, Karen; +14 more

Related Subjects

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES
Australissda
kirschneri
Leptospira
Veterinary Sciences
equine
leptospirosis

Title: Identification of equine mares as reservoir hosts for pathogenic species of Leptospira

Citation Formats

References (80)

Similar Records

Related Subjects