Transcriptome analysis and immune gene expression of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fed diets with inclusion of frass from black soldier fly larvae

Sankappa, Nithin Muliya; Lange, Miles D.; Yildirim-Aksoy, Mediha; Eljack, Rashida; Kucuktas, Huseyin; Beck, Benjamin H.; Abernathy, Jason W.

doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1330368

Title: Transcriptome analysis and immune gene expression of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fed diets with inclusion of frass from black soldier fly larvae

Journal Article · 08 January 2024 · Frontiers in Physiology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1330368 · OSTI ID:2469767

Sankappa, Nithin Muliya ^[1]; Lange, Miles D. ^[2]; Yildirim-Aksoy, Mediha ^[2]; Eljack, Rashida ^[2]; Kucuktas, Huseyin ^[3]; Beck, Benjamin H. ^[2]; Abernathy, Jason W. ^[2]

Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Auburn, AL (United States)
US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Auburn, AL (United States)
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Dexter, NM (United States)

The larval waste, exoskeleton shedding, and leftover feed components of the black soldier fly and its larvae make up the by-product known as frass. In this study, we subjected channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to a 10-week feeding trial to assess how different dietary amounts of frass inclusion would affect both systemic and mucosal tissue gene expression, especially in regard to growth and immune-related genes. Fish were divided in quadruplicate aquaria, and five experimental diets comprising 0, 50, 100, 200, and 300 g of frass per kilogram of feed were fed twice daily. At the end of the trial, liver, head kidney, gill, and intestine samples were collected for gene expression analyses. First, liver and intestine samples from fish fed with a no frass inclusion diet (control), low-frass (50 g/kg) inclusion diet, or a high-frass (300 g/kg) inclusion diet were subjected to Illumina RNA sequencing to determine global differential gene expression among diet groups. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) included the upregulation of growth-related genes such as glucose-6-phosphatase and myostatin, as well as innate immune receptors and effector molecules such as toll-like receptor 5, apolipoprotein A1, C-type lectin, and lysozyme. Based on the initial screenings of low/high frass using RNA sequencing, a more thorough evaluation of immune gene expression of all tissues sampled, and all levels of frass inclusion, was further conducted. Using targeted quantitative PCR panels for both innate and adaptive immune genes from channel catfish, differential expression of genes was identified, which included innate receptors (TLR1, TLR5, TLR9, and TLR20A), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β type a, IL-1β type b, IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNFα), chemokines (CFC3 and CFD), and hepcidin in both systemic (liver and head kidney) and mucosal (gill and intestine) tissues. Overall, frass from black soldier fly larvae inclusion in formulated diets was found to alter global gene expression and activate innate and adaptive immunity in channel catfish, which has the potential to support disease resistance in this species in addition to demonstrated growth benefits.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDA; USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0014664

OSTI ID:: 2469767

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Name: Frontiers in Physiology Vol. 14; ISSN 1664-042X

Publisher:: Frontiers Media S.A.Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Related Subjects

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
RNA-seq
adaptive immunity
alternative diets
channel catfish
feed additives
frass
innate immunity
metabolism
physiology

Title: Transcriptome analysis and immune gene expression of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fed diets with inclusion of frass from black soldier fly larvae

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