Measurement of the fractional radiation length of a pixel module for the CMS Phase-2 upgrade via the multiple scattering of positrons
- Vienna, OAW
- Antwerp U.
- Vrije U., Brussels
- Brussels U.; INFN, Rome
- Louvain U.
- Boskovic Inst., Zagreb
- Helsinki U.
- Helsinki Inst. of Phys.
- Lappeenranta U. Tech.
- Strasbourg, IPHC
- IP2I, Lyon
- Aachen, Tech. Hochsch.
- DESY
- Hamburg U.
- KIT, Karlsruhe
- Democritos Nucl. Res. Ctr.
- Wigner RCP, Budapest; Debrecen, Inst. Nucl. Res.
- NISER, Jatni
- Antwerp U.; NISER, Jatni
- Delhi Tech. U.
- Saha Inst.
- Indian Inst. Tech., Madras
- INFN, Bari
- Catania U.; INFN, Catania
- Florence U.; INFN, Florence
- INFN, Genoa
- INFN, Milan Bicocca
- INFN, Padua; Padua U., Astron. Dept.
- INFN, Pavia
- INFN, Perugia; Perugia U.
- Pisa, Scuola Normale Superiore
- LBL, Berkeley
- INFN, Turin
- Vilnius U.
- NCP, Islamabad
- Cantabria Inst. of Phys.
- CERN; RWTH Aachen U.
- PSI, Villigen
- Zurich, ETH
- Zurich U.
- Taiwan, Natl. Taiwan U.
- U. Bristol (main)
- Rutherford
- Imperial Coll., London
- Brunel U.
- Catholic U.
- Brown U.
- UC, Davis
- UC, Riverside (main)
- San Diego U.
- UC, Santa Barbara
- Colorado U.
- Cornell U.
- Fermilab
- Chicago U.
- Iowa U.
- Johns Hopkins U.
- Kansas U.
- Kansas State U.
- Nebraska U.
- SUNY, Buffalo
- Boston U.
- Northeastern U.
- Northwestern U.
- Ohio State U.
- Puerto Rico U., Mayaguez
- Purdue U.
- Purdue U., Calumet
- Rice U.
- Rochester U.
- Rutgers U., Piscataway
- Tennessee U.
- Texas A-M
- Vanderbilt U.
High-luminosity particle collider experiments such as theones planned at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider requireever-greater vertexing precision of the tracking detectors,necessitating reductions in the material budget of the detectors.Traditionally, the fractional radiation length (x/X$$_{0}$$) ofdetectors is either estimated using known properties of theconstituent materials, or measured in dedicated runs of the finaldetector. In this paper, we present a method of direct measurementof the material budget of a CMS prototype module designed for thePhase-2 upgrade of the CMS detector using a 40–65 MeV positronbeam. A total of 630 million events were collected at the PaulScherrer Institut PiE1 experimental area using a three-planetelescope consisting of the prototype module as the central plane,surrounded by two MALTA monolithic pixel detectors. Fractionalradiation lengths were extracted from scattering angle distributionsusing the Highland approximation for multiple scattering. Astatistical technique recovered runs suffering from triggerdesynchronisation, and several corrections were introduced tocompensate for local inefficiencies related to geometric and beamshape constraints. Two regions of the module were surveyed andyielded average x/X$$_{0}$$ values of (0.72 ± 0.05)% and(0.95 ± 0.09)%, which are compatible with empirical estimatesfor these regions computed from known material properties of 0.753%and 0.892%, respectively. Two types of higher-granularity maps ofthe fractional radiation length were produced, subdivided eitherinto rectangular regions of uniform size, or polygonal-shapedregions of uniform material composition. The results bode well forthe CMS Phase-2 upgrade modules, which will play a key role in theminimisation of the material of the upgraded detector.
- Research Organization:
- RWTH Aachen U.; Delhi Tech. U.; Perugia U.; Helsinki Inst. of Phys.; Puerto Rico U., Mayaguez; Kansas U.; INFN, Bari; Antwerp U.; INFN, Turin; UC, Riverside (main); Aachen, Tech. Hochsch.; Purdue U., Calumet; Kansas State U.; Vienna, OAW; INFN, Catania; KIT, Karlsruhe; Strasbourg, IPHC; UC, Davis; INFN, Rome; DESY; Boskovic Inst., Zagreb; Iowa U.; Catholic U.; Rice U.; INFN, Padua; San Diego U.; Boston U.; Cornell U.; PSI, Villigen; Democritos Nucl. Res. Ctr.; Lappeenranta U. Tech.; Debrecen, Inst. Nucl. Res.; Florence U.; CERN; Pisa, Scuola Normale Superiore; INFN, Perugia; Nebraska U.; Colorado U.; Rutgers U., Piscataway; Zurich U.; Padua U., Astron. Dept.; NCP, Islamabad; Catania U.; Louvain U.; Johns Hopkins U.; NISER, Jatni; Vanderbilt U.; Tennessee U.; Ohio State U.; INFN, Genoa; Purdue U.; Rochester U.; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Zurich, ETH; Saha Inst.; Northwestern U.; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Indian Inst. Tech., Madras; U. Bristol (main); IP2I, Lyon; Imperial Coll., London; Vrije U., Brussels; Brunel U.; Brown U.; INFN, Pavia; Northeastern U.; Taiwan, Natl. Taiwan U.; Cantabria Inst. of Phys.; Brussels U.; Helsinki U.; Rutherford; Vilnius U.; Hamburg U.; INFN, Florence; Wigner RCP, Budapest; UC, Santa Barbara; Chicago U.; SUNY, Buffalo; Texas A-M; INFN, Milan Bicocca
- Sponsoring Organization:
- US Department of Energy
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-07CH11359; 89243024CSC000002
- OSTI ID:
- 2467474
- Report Number(s):
- CERN-CMS-NOTE-2024-005; FERMILAB-PUB-24-0655-CMS; oai:inspirehep.net:2808942; arXiv:2407.13721
- Journal Information:
- JINST, Journal Name: JINST Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 19
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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