Surface Functionalization of Carbon Black for PEM Fuel Cell Electrodes

Kumar, Ajay; Park, Eun Joo; Kim, Yu Seung; Spendelow, Jacob S.

doi:10.1002/macp.202400092

Title: Surface Functionalization of Carbon Black for PEM Fuel Cell Electrodes

Journal Article · 25 July 2024 · Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.202400092 · OSTI ID:2466306

Kumar, Ajay ^[1]; Park, Eun Joo ^[1]; Kim, Yu Seung ^[1]; Spendelow, Jacob S. ^[1]

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Carbon-based materials are extensively used in fuel cell applications due to their crucial role in maintaining high performance. Particularly, carbon black (CB) stands out as a preferred electrode material for fuel cells, owing to its high electrical conductivity and large surface area. This review focuses on the functionalization of CB and its use as a support for Pt-based catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Functionalization strategies include oxidation, covalent functionalization, as well as polymer grafting or impregnation. Various approaches to functionalize the CB surface are discussed that effectively tailor the surface properties of electrodes, leading to improved fuel cell performance. The improvements are seen in enhanced dispersibility of catalyst particles, better ionomer distribution, increased catalyst stability, and reduced carbon corrosion. This review provides an overview of various modifications applied to CB to enhance their structural and electrochemical properties, thereby boosting fuel cell performance.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 2466306

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--24-28347

Journal Information:: Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, Journal Name: Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics Journal Issue: 18 Vol. 225; ISSN 1022-1352

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Performance Durability of Polyaniline-derived Non-precious Cathode Catalysts Wu, Gang; Artyushkova, Kateryna; Ferrandon, Magali ECS Transactions, Vol. 25, Issue 1, p. 1299-1311 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3210685	journal	January 2009
Accelerated Testing Validation Mukundan, Rangachary; James, Greg; Davey, John 220th ECS Meeting, ECS Transactions https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3635594	conference	January 2011
The Effect of Carbon Support Surface Functionalization on PEM Fuel Cell Performance, Durability, and Ionomer Coverage in the Catalyst Layer Fang, Zhengyuan; Lee, Moo Seok; Kim, Jun Young Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 167, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab7ea3	journal	March 2020
Surface Proton Conduction over Catalyst Support via Chemically Grafted Groups Li, Chenzhao; Liu, Yadong Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 167, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/abc7e6	journal	December 2020
Enhanced MEA Performance for PEMFCs under Low Relative Humidity and Low Oxygen Content Conditions via Catalyst Functionalization Xin, Le; Yang, Fan; Xie, Jian Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0051707jes	journal	January 2017
Carbon Corrosion in PEM Fuel Cells and the Development of Accelerated Stress Tests Macauley, Natalia; Papadias, Dennis D.; Fairweather, Joseph Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0061806jes	journal	January 2018
Tailoring Catalyst Morphology towards High Performance for Low Pt Loaded PEMFC Cathodes Harzer, Gregor S.; Orfanidi, Alin; El-Sayed, Hany Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0311810jes	journal	January 2018
Mitigation of PEM Fuel Cell Catalyst Degradation with Porous Carbon Supports Padgett, Elliot; Yarlagadda, Venkata; Holtz, Megan E. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0371904jes	journal	January 2019
Durability of Pt Catalysts Supported on Graphitized Carbon-Black during Gas-Exchange Start-Up Operation Similar to That Used for Fuel Cell Vehicles Yamashita, Yuya; Itami, Shunsuke; Takano, Jun Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 163, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0771607jes	journal	January 2016
Recent Advances in Catalyst Accelerated Stress Tests for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells Stariha, Sarah; Macauley, Natalia; Sneed, Brian T. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0881807jes	journal	January 2018
The Key to High Performance Low Pt Loaded Electrodes Orfanidi, A.; Madkikar, P.; El-Sayed, H. A. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1621704jes	journal	January 2017
PEM Fuel Cell Catalysts: Cost, Performance, and Durability He, Chunzhi; Desai, Sanket; Brown, Garth The Electrochemical Society Interface, Vol. 14, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.F07053IF	journal	September 2005
Poly(styrene sulfonic acid)-Grafted Carbon Black Synthesized by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Kirakosyan, Artavazd; Lee, Donghyun; Choi, Yoonseong Molecules, Vol. 28, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104168	journal	May 2023
Design criteria for stable Pt/C fuel cell catalysts Meier, Josef C.; Galeano, Carolina; Katsounaros, Ioannis Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, Vol. 5 https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.5	journal	January 2014

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