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Title: Social–ecological benefits of land–sea planning at multiple scales in Mesoamerica

Journal Article · · Nature Sustainability
ORCiD logo [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [6]; ORCiD logo [9]; ORCiD logo [10]; ORCiD logo [11]; ORCiD logo [12]; ORCiD logo [13]
  1. Stanford Univ., CA (United States); Seascape Solutions LLC, Mililani, HI (United States)
  2. Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
  3. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
  4. World Wildlife Fund-Mesoamerica, Belize City (Belize)
  5. World Wildlife Fund-Mesoamerica, Belize City (Belize) World Wildlife Fund-Mesoamerica, La Ceiba (Honduras)
  6. World Wildlife Fund-Mesoamerica, Guatemala City (Guatemala)
  7. World Wildlife Fund, Mexico City (Mexico)
  8. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC (United States)
  9. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Natural Capital Project
  10. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Natural Capital Project; Sound GIS, Seattle, WA (United States)
  11. Healthy Reefs for Healthy People, Fort Lauderdale, FL (United States)
  12. Healthy Reefs for Healthy People, Puerto Morelos (Mexico)
  13. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Natural Capital Project; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)

Deforestation impacts the ecosystem services provided by downstream coral reefs to coastal communities in multiple ways, such as through increased sedimentation and nutrification. However, connections between terrestrial and marine ecosystems are generally assessed at a single scale and from an ecological perspective alone, limiting our understanding of how watershed management affects the benefits accrued by coastal communities at different scales. Here we explore how ecological and societal benefits of watershed interventions (restoration, protection and sustainable agriculture) differ when considered regionally versus nationally in the Mesoamerican Reef region, by using linked land–sea ecosystem service models. Results from a regional approach prioritize implementing interventions in larger multinational watersheds, leading to neighbouring nations benefiting from increased sediment retention and healthy corals. For the national prioritization approach, selecting for smaller watersheds within individual countries resulted in more societal benefits, particularly increased coastal protection and nature-based tourism, at the cost of improved coral health for neighbouring nations. Finally, we demonstrate how planning at multiple scales across the region can improve ecosystem and societal benefits, resulting in win–win outcomes.

Research Organization:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-76RL01830
OSTI ID:
2458237
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA--201305
Journal Information:
Nature Sustainability, Journal Name: Nature Sustainability Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 7; ISSN 2398-9629
Publisher:
Springer NatureCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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