Influence of Linker Group on Bipolar Redox-Active Molecule Performance in Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Macchi, Samantha; Staiger, Chad L.; Cordova, Jesse; Poirier, Cassandria; Anderson, Travis M.

doi:10.1002/celc.202400450

Title: Influence of Linker Group on Bipolar Redox-Active Molecule Performance in Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Journal Article · 02 October 2024 · ChemElectroChem

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202400450 · OSTI ID:2455112

^[1]; Staiger, Chad L. ^[1]; Cordova, Jesse ^[1]; Poirier, Cassandria ^[1]; Anderson, Travis M. ^[1]

Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are an attractive choice for stationary energy storage of renewables such as solar and wind. Non-aqueous redox flow batteries (NARFBs) have garnered broad interest due to their high voltage operation compared to their aqueous counterparts. Further, the utilization of bipolar redox-active molecules (BRMs) is a practical way to alleviate crossover faced by asymmetric RFBs. In this work, ferrocene (Fc) and phthalimide (PI) are covalently linked with various tethering groups which vary in structure and length. The compiled results suggest that the length and steric shielding ability of the linker group can greatly influence the stability and overall performance of Fc-n-PI BRM-based NARFBs. Primary sources of capacity loss are found to be BRM degradation for straight chain spacers <6 carbons and membrane (Nafion) fouling. Fc-hexyl-PI provided the most stable battery cycling and coulombic efficiencies of >98 % over 100 cycles (~13 days). NARFB using Fc-hexyl-PI as an active material exhibited high working voltage (1.93 V) and maximum capacity (1.28 Ah L^-1). Additionally, this work highlights rational strategies to improve cycling stability and optimize NARFB performance.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Electricity (OE)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003525

OSTI ID:: 2455112

Report Number(s):: SAND--2024-13323J

Journal Information:: ChemElectroChem, Journal Name: ChemElectroChem Journal Issue: 20 Vol. 11; ISSN 2196-0216

Publisher:: ChemPubSoc EuropeCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (30)

Alkaline Benzoquinone Aqueous Flow Battery for Large-Scale Storage of Electrical Energy Yang, Zhengjin; Tong, Liuchuan; Tabor, Daniel P. Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201702056	journal	December 2017
The Chemistry of Redox-Flow Batteries Noack, Jens; Roznyatovskaya, Nataliya; Herr, Tatjana Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 54, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201410823	journal	June 2015
Radical Compatibility with Nonaqueous Electrolytes and Its Impact on an All-Organic Redox Flow Battery Wei, Xiaoliang; Xu, Wu; Huang, Jinhua Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 54, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201501443	journal	April 2015
Bipolar Redox‐Active Molecules in Non‐Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries: Status and Challenges Li, Min; Case, Julia; Minteer, Shelley D. ChemElectroChem, Vol. 8, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202001584	journal	February 2021
Novel Ethylene Glycol Substituted Benzoxadiazole and Benzothiadiazole as Anolytes for Nonaqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries Makarova, Maria V.; Akkuratov, Alexander V.; Sideltsev, Maxim E. ChemElectroChem, Vol. 9, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202200483	journal	August 2022
Machine Learning Orchestrating the Materials Discovery and Performance Optimization of Redox Flow Battery Tang, Lina; Leung, Puiki; Xu, Qian ChemElectroChem, Vol. 11, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202400024	journal	June 2024
Development of the all-vanadium redox flow battery for energy storage: a review of technological, financial and policy aspects: All-vanadium redox flow battery for energy storage Kear, Gareth; Shah, Akeel A.; Walsh, Frank C. International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 36, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/er.1863	journal	May 2011
Redox flow batteries a review Weber, Adam Z.; Mench, Matthew M.; Meyers, Jeremy P. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Vol. 41, Issue 10, p. 1137-1164 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-011-0348-2	journal	September 2011
Highly Concentrated Phthalimide-Based Anolytes for Organic Redox Flow Batteries with Enhanced Reversibility Zhang, Changkun; Niu, Zhihui; Ding, Yu Chem, Vol. 4, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2018.08.024	journal	December 2018
Potential regulation of bipolar redox-active molecules with fused conjugation for high-voltage symmetric organic redox flow batteries Wang, Ru; Li, Minglei; Liu, Yue Electrochemistry Communications, Vol. 151 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2023.107509	journal	June 2023
A membrane-free, aqueous/nonaqueous hybrid redox flow battery Wang, Xiao; Lashgari, Amir; Chai, Jingchao Energy Storage Materials, Vol. 45 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2021.11.008	journal	March 2022
Recent developments in organic redox flow batteries: A critical review Leung, P.; Shah, A. A.; Sanz, L. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 360 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.05.057	journal	August 2017
N-ferrocenylphthalimide; A single redox couple formed by attaching a ferrocene moiety to phthalimide for non-aqueous flow batteries Hwang, Seunghae; Kim, Hyun-seung; Ryu, Ji Heon Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 395 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.05.053	journal	August 2018
N-(α-ferrocenyl)ethylphthalimide as a single redox couple for non-aqueous flow batteries Hwang, Seunghae; Kim, Hyun-seung; Ryu, Ji Heon Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 421 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.02.080	journal	May 2019
Enhancing the performance of an all-organic non-aqueous redox flow battery Yuan, Jiashu; Zhang, Cuijuan; Zhen, Yihan Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 443 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227283	journal	December 2019
Ferrocene/anthraquinone based bi-redox molecule for symmetric nonaqueous redox flow battery Zhen, Yihan; Zhang, Cuijuan; Yuan, Jiashu Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 480 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.229132	journal	December 2020
Membrane fouling in aqueous redox flow batteries Gao, Mengqi; Salla, Manohar; Zhang, Feifei Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 527 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231180	journal	April 2022
Crosslinked poly(arylene ether ketone) membrane with high anion conductivity and selectivity for non-aqueous redox flow batteries Kwon, Hu-Geun; Bae, Insung; Choi, Seong-Ho Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 620 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118928	journal	February 2021
Ferrocene/Phthalimide Ionic Bipolar Redox-Active Molecule for Symmetric Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries Xu, Donghan; Zhang, Cuijuan; Zhen, Yihan ACS Applied Energy Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.1c01362	journal	August 2021
Effective Design Strategy of Small Bipolar Molecules through Fused Conjugation toward 2.5 V Based Redox Flow Batteries Liu, Yue; Dai, Gaole; Chen, Yuanyuan ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c00198	journal	March 2022
TEMPO/Phenazine Combi-Molecule: A Redox-Active Material for Symmetric Aqueous Redox-Flow Batteries Winsberg, Jan; Stolze, Christian; Muench, Simon ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 1, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00413	journal	October 2016
Status and Prospects of Organic Redox Flow Batteries toward Sustainable Energy Storage Luo, Jian; Hu, Bo; Hu, Maowei ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 4, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.9b01332	journal	August 2019
A bipolar nitronyl nitroxide small molecule for an all-organic symmetric redox-flow battery Hagemann, Tino; Winsberg, Jan; Häupler, Bernhard NPG Asia Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/am.2016.195	journal	January 2017
Synthesis and properties of poly(1,3-dioxolane) in situ quasi-solid-state electrolytes via a rare-earth triflate catalyst Yang, Guanming; Zhai, Yanfang; Yao, Jianyao Chemical Communications, Vol. 57, Issue 64 https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CC02916A	journal	January 2021
Critical role of structural order in bipolar redox-active molecules for organic redox flow batteries Li, Min; Agarwal, Garvit; Shkrob, Ilya A. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 9, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA04821J	journal	January 2021
Evaluation and degradation mechanism of phthalimide derivatives as anolytes for non-aqueous organic static batteries Chola, Noufal Merukan; Nagarale, Rajaram K. New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 46, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NJ03495F	journal	January 2022
Development of high-voltage bipolar redox-active organic molecules through the electronic coupling of catholyte and anolyte structures Tracy, Jacob S.; Horst, Elena S.; Roytman, Vladislav A. Chemical Science, Vol. 13, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1039/D2SC03450F	journal	January 2022
A higher voltage Fe( ii ) bipyridine complex for non-aqueous redox flow batteries Cammack, Claudina X.; Pratt, Harry D.; Small, Leo J. Dalton Transactions, Vol. 50, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/d0dt03927f	journal	January 2021
Increasing Growth of Renewable Energy: A State of Art Guchhait, Rekha; Sarkar, Biswajit Energies, Vol. 16, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3390/en16062665	journal	March 2023
A Facile and Sustainable Enhancement of Anti-Oxidation Stability of Nafion Membrane Sharma, Prem P.; Kim, Dukjoon Membranes, Vol. 12, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050521	journal	May 2022

Similar Records

Bipolar Redox‐Active Molecules in Non‐Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries: Status and Challenges

Journal Article · 2021 · ChemElectroChem · OSTI ID:1798007

Li, Min; Case, Julia; Minteer, Shelley D.

Critical role of structural order in bipolar redox-active molecules for organic redox flow batteries

Journal Article · 2021 · Journal of Materials Chemistry. A · OSTI ID:1828533

Li, Min; Agarwal, Garvit; Shkrob, Ilya A.; +6 more

Indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline as a Low Reduction Potential and High Stability Anolyte Scaffold for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Journal Article · 2023 · Journal of the American Chemical Society · OSTI ID:2006608

Zhang, Wenhao; Walser-Kuntz, Ryan; Tracy, Jacob S.; +7 more

Related Subjects

25 ENERGY STORAGE
Bipolar redox molecule
Flow battery
Non-aqueous

Title: Influence of Linker Group on Bipolar Redox-Active Molecule Performance in Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Citation Formats

References (30)

Similar Records

Related Subjects