The Dark Energy Survey: Cosmology Results with ∼1500 New High-redshift Type Ia Supernovae Using the Full 5 yr Data Set

Journal Article · 30 September 2024 · The Astrophysical Journal. Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad6f9f · OSTI ID:2453922

Abbott, T. M. C.  ^[1]; Acevedo, M.; Aguena, M.; Alarcon, A.; Allam, S.; Alves, O. ; Amon, A.; Andrade-Oliveira, F.; Annis, J. ; Armstrong, P. ; Asorey, J.; Avila, S.; Bacon, D.; Bassett, B. A.; Bechtol, K. ; Bernardinelli, P. H. ; Bernstein, G. M. ; Bertin, E. ; Blazek, J.; Bocquet, S. ; Brooks, D. ; Brout, D. ; Buckley-Geer, E.; Burke, D. L. ; Camacho, H.; Camilleri, R.; Campos, A.; Carnero Rosell, A. ; Carollo, D. ; Carr, A. ; Carretero, J. ; Castander, F. J. ; Cawthon, R.; Chang, C. ; Chen, R. ; Choi, A.; Conselice, C. ; Costanzi, M.; da Costa, L. N. ; Crocce, M. ; Davis, T. M. ; DePoy, D. L.; Desai, S. ; Diehl, H. T. ; Dixon, M.; Dodelson, S.; Doel, P.; Doux, C. ; Drlica-Wagner, A. ; Elvin-Poole, J. ; Everett, S.; Ferrero, I. ; Ferté, A.; Flaugher, B.; Foley, R. J. ; Fosalba, P. ; Friedel, D. ; Frieman, J.; Frohmaier, C. ; Galbany, L.; García-Bellido, J. ; Gatti, M.; Gaztanaga, E. ; Giannini, G.; Glazebrook, K. ; Graur, O. ; Gruen, D.; Gruendl, R. A. ; Gutierrez, G.; Hartley, W. G.; Herner, K.; Hinton, S. R. ; Hollowood, D. L. ; Honscheid, K.; Huterer, D. ; Jain, B.; James, D. J. ; Jeffrey, N.; Kasai, E.; Kelsey, L.; Kent, S. ; Kessler, R. ; Kim, A. G. ; Kirshner, R. P.; Kovacs, E. ; Kuehn, K. ; Lahav, O.; Lee, J. ; Lee, S.; Lewis, G. F. ; Li, T. S. ; Lidman, C. ; Lin, H. ; Malik, U.; Marshall, J. L.; Martini, P. ; Mena-Fernández, J. ; Menanteau, F. ; Miquel, R. ; Mohr, J. J.; Mould, J. ; Muir, J.; Möller, A.; Neilsen, E. ; Nichol, R. C.; Nugent, P. ; Ogando, R. L. C. ; Palmese, A.; Pan, Y.-C. ; Paterno, M.; Percival, W. J.; Pereira, M. E. S.; Pieres, A. ; Plazas Malagón, A. A.; Popovic, B.; Porredon, A.; Prat, J.; Qu, H. ; Raveri, M.; Rodríguez-Monroy, M.; Romer, A. K. ; Roodman, A. ; Rose, B.; Sako, M. ; Sanchez, E. ; Sanchez Cid, D.; Schubnell, M.; Scolnic, D.; Sevilla-Noarbe, I.; Shah, P.; Smith, J. Allyn. ; Smith, M. ; Soares-Santos, M. ; Suchyta, Eric ; Sullivan, M. ; Suntzeff, N. ; Swanson, M. E. C. ; Sánchez, B. O.; Tarle, G. ; Taylor, G.; Thomas, D. ; To, C. ; Toy, M.; Troxel, M. A.; Tucker, B. E. ; Tucker, D. L. ; Uddin, S. A. ; Vincenzi, M.; Walker, A. R. ; Weaverdyck, N. ; Wechsler, R. H. ; Weller, J.; Wester, W. ; Wiseman, P.; Yamamoto, M.; Yuan, F.; Zhang, B.; Zhang, Y.

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1. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO), La Serena (Chile); DES Collaboration. et al.

We present cosmological constraints from the sample of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) discovered and measured during the full 5 yr of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) SN program. In contrast to most previous cosmological samples, in which SNe are classified based on their spectra, we classify the DES SNe using a machine learning algorithm applied to their light curves in four photometric bands. Spectroscopic redshifts are acquired from a dedicated follow-up survey of the host galaxies. After accounting for the likelihood of each SN being an SN Ia, we find 1635 DES SNe in the redshift range 0.10 < z < 1.13 that pass quality selection criteria sufficient to constrain cosmological parameters. This quintuples the number of high-quality z > 0.5 SNe compared to the previous leading compilation of Pantheon+ and results in the tightest cosmological constraints achieved by any SN data set to date. To derive cosmological constraints, we combine the DES SN data with a high-quality external low-redshift sample consisting of 194 SNe Ia spanning 0.025 < z < 0.10. Using SN data alone and including systematic uncertainties, we find Ω_M = 0.352 ± 0.017 in flat ΛCDM. SN data alone now require acceleration (q₀ < 0 in ΛCDM) with over 5σ confidence. We find (Ω_M, w) = ($$0.264^{+0.074}_{-0.096}$$, $$-0.80^{+0.14}_{-0.016}$$) in flat wCDM. For flat w₀w_aCDM, we find (Ω_M, w₀, w_a) = ($$0.495^{+0.033}_{-0.043}, -0.36^{+0.36}_{-0.30}, -8.8^{+3.7}_{-4.5}$$, consistent with a constant equation of state to within ~2σ. Including Planck cosmic microwave background, Sloan Digital Sky Survey baryon acoustic oscillation, and DES 3 × 2pt data gives (Ω_M, w) = (0.321 ± 0.007, -0.941 ± 0.026). In all cases, dark energy is consistent with a cosmological constant to within ~2σ. Systematic errors on cosmological parameters are subdominant compared to statistical errors; these results thus pave the way for future photometrically classified SN analyses.

• Research Organization: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); National Science Foundation (NSF); US Department of Energy; USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP) (SC-25)
• Grant/Contract Number: AC02-05CH11231; AC02-07CH11359; SC0009924; SC0011726
• OSTI ID: 2453922
• Report Number(s): DES--2023-805; FERMILAB-PUB--23-0821-PPD; oai:inspirehep.net:2743691; arXiv:2401.02929
• Journal Information: The Astrophysical Journal. Letters, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal. Letters Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 973; ISSN 2041-8205; ISSN 2041-8213
• Publisher: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English