Iron dissolution from Patagonian dust in the Southern Ocean: under present and future conditions

Demasy, Clément; Boye, Marie; Lai, Barry; Burckel, Pierre; Feng, Yan; Losno, Rémi; Borensztajn, Stephan; Besson, Pascale

doi:10.3389/fmars.2024.1363088

Title: Iron dissolution from Patagonian dust in the Southern Ocean: under present and future conditions

Journal Article · 26 April 2024 · Frontiers in Marine Science

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1363088 · OSTI ID:2448055

Demasy, Clément ^[1]; Boye, Marie ^[1]; Lai, Barry ^[2]; Burckel, Pierre ^[1]; Feng, Yan ^[3]; Losno, Rémi ^[1]; Borensztajn, Stephan ^[1]; Besson, Pascale ^[1]

Universite´ Paris Cite (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (France)
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Although the input of desert dust as a key source of trace metals in the Southern Ocean (SO) has been previously studied, the dissolution process of metals in surface waters, particularly iron (Fe), remain poorly understood. Given the crucial role of Fe in primary production and the biological carbon pump in the SO, we focused on experimental estimations of Fe dissolution from Patagonian dust, the primary natural dust source in the SO. Our study considered both current and projected future conditions, encompassing sea-surface warming, acidification, increased photosynthetically active radiation, and doubled dust inputs. Through controlled laboratory experiments using filtered SO seawater, conducted over 7 days, we assessed changes in particulate Fe (pFe) concentrations, Fe redox speciation (Fe(II)/Fe(III)), and in the mineralogy of Fe-bearing dust in abiotic condition. The predominant minerals in the dust included quartz and aluminosilicates, with silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), and Fe as the major elements. No significant alterations in the mineralogy and the elemental composition of the dust were recorded during the dissolution experiments, neither under present nor under projected future conditions. The particulate Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio remained consistently at 0.25 during the experiments, unaffected by changed conditions. Consequently, changes in environmental conditions in the SO would therefore not significantly alter the mineralogy and redox speciation of pFe in the Patagonian dust. On the contrary, pFe exhibited a dissolution rate of 3.8% and 1.6% per day under present and future conditions, respectively. The environmental changes anticipated for 2100 in the SO will likely to result in a decrease in the dissolution rate of pFe. Thus, even though a doubling of dust input by 2100 is anticipated, it will unlikely provide significantly more dissolved Fe (dFe) in seawater in the SO. Consequently, the future intensification of Patagonian dust inputs may not alleviate the Fe limitation in the SO.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 2448055

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Name: Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 11; ISSN 2296-7745

Publisher:: Frontiers Research FoundationCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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