The Ecosystem as Super-Organ/ism, Revisited: Scaling Hydraulics to Forests under Climate Change

Wood, Jeffrey D.; Detto, Matteo; Browne, Marvin; Kraft, Nathan J. B.; Konings, Alexandra G.; Fisher, Joshua B.; Quetin, Gregory R.; Trugman, Anna T.; Magney, Troy S.; Medeiros, Camila D.; Vinod, Nidhi; Buckley, Thomas N.; Sack, Lawren

doi:10.1093/icb/icae073

Title: The Ecosystem as Super-Organ/ism, Revisited: Scaling Hydraulics to Forests under Climate Change

Journal Article · 17 June 2024 · Integrative and Comparative Biology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icae073 · OSTI ID:2446538

Wood, Jeffrey D.; Detto, Matteo; Browne, Marvin; Kraft, Nathan J. B.; Konings, Alexandra G.; Fisher, Joshua B.; Quetin, Gregory R.;

; Magney, Troy S.;

; Vinod, Nidhi; Buckley, Thomas N.;

Synopsis Classic debates in community ecology focused on the complexities of considering an ecosystem as a super-organ or organism. New consideration of such perspectives could clarify mechanisms underlying the dynamics of forest carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake and water vapor loss, important for predicting and managing the future of Earth’s ecosystems and climate system. Here, we provide a rubric for considering ecosystem traits as aggregated, systemic, or emergent, i.e., representing the ecosystem as an aggregate of its individuals or as a metaphorical or literal super-organ or organism. We review recent approaches to scaling-up plant water relations (hydraulics) concepts developed for organs and organisms to enable and interpret measurements at ecosystem-level. We focus on three community-scale versions of water relations traits that have potential to provide mechanistic insight into climate change responses of forest CO2 and H2O gas exchange and productivity: leaf water potential (Ψcanopy), pressure volume curves (eco-PV), and hydraulic conductance (Keco). These analyses can reveal additional ecosystem-scale parameters analogous to those typically quantified for leaves or plants (e.g., wilting point and hydraulic vulnerability) that may act as thresholds in forest responses to drought, including growth cessation, mortality, and flammability. We unite these concepts in a novel framework to predict Ψcanopy and its approaching of critical thresholds during drought, using measurements of Keco and eco-PV curves. We thus delineate how the extension of water relations concepts from organ- and organism-scales can reveal the hydraulic constraints on the interaction of vegetation and climate and provide new mechanistic understanding and prediction of forest water use and productivity.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 2446538

Journal Information:: Integrative and Comparative Biology, Journal Name: Integrative and Comparative Biology Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 64; ISSN 1540-7063

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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