Dynamics of Electric Polarization and Relaxation of Ions at Humid Calcite Surfaces

Legg, Benjamin A.; Zhu, Yue; Nakouzi, Elias; Johnson, Timothy. C.; Rosso, Kevin M.

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00107

Title: Dynamics of Electric Polarization and Relaxation of Ions at Humid Calcite Surfaces

Journal Article · 18 April 2024 · Journal of Physical Chemistry. C

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00107 · OSTI ID:2440493

^[1]; Zhu, Yue ^[1];

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^[1]

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Mobile ions at mineral surfaces can respond to an applied electric field, adopting a new distribution that effectively represents polarization of the electrical double layer. When the field is released, the ions relax to their equilibrium distribution. In both cases, the dynamics are characteristic of the interface. However, current models of electrokinetic phenomena are not sufficiently robust to accurately predict collective ion dynamics at structurally and chemically specific mineral–water interfaces. Here, in this study, we use electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) to investigate the dynamics of ion relaxation at hydrated calcite (104) surfaces at controlled relative humidity (RH). Electrically biased probes are used to polarize the distributions of calcium and carbonate ions that are intrinsic to this interface across a range of RH values. Polarization kinetics are tracked by monitoring the tip–sample force gradient during charging, and EFM imaging is used to characterize the spatial relaxation dynamics after the applied field is released. Electrostatic finite element modeling of the sample/probe system across length-scales from nanometers to millimeters reproduces the observed stretched exponential charging response. Together, these results allow us to estimate the ion diffusivities at the interface across a wide range of RH values. These diffusivities increase by roughly 5 orders of magnitude as the RH is increased from 5 to 90%, highlighting the critical role of adsorbed water for surface ion solvation that enables ion mobility.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 2440493

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--193381

Journal Information:: Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Journal Name: Journal of Physical Chemistry. C Journal Issue: 17 Vol. 128; ISSN 1932-7447

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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