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Title: In Silico Chemical Experiments in the Age of AI: From Quantum Chemistry to Machine Learning and Back

Journal Article · · Advanced Materials
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [4];  [3];  [1]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [6]
  1. Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
  2. Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada, Department of Computer Science University of Toronto 40 St. George Street Toronto ON M5S 2E4 Canada
  3. Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada, Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence 661 University Ave. Suite 710 Toronto ON M5G 1M1 Canada
  4. Department of Computer Science University of Toronto 40 St. George Street Toronto ON M5S 2E4 Canada, Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence 661 University Ave. Suite 710 Toronto ON M5G 1M1 Canada
  5. Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (iCLeHS UMR 8060) Paris F‐75005 France
  6. Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada; Department of Computer Science University of Toronto 40 St. George Street Toronto ON M5S 2E4 Canada; Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence 661 University Ave. Suite 710 Toronto ON M5G 1M1 Canada; Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Toronto 184 College St. Toronto ON M5S 3E4 Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry University of Toronto 200 College St. Toronto ON M5S 3E5 Canada

Abstract Computational chemistry is an indispensable tool for understanding molecules and predicting chemical properties. However, traditional computational methods face significant challenges due to the difficulty of solving the Schrödinger equations and the increasing computational cost with the size of the molecular system. In response, there has been a surge of interest in leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques to in silico experiments. Integrating AI and ML into computational chemistry increases the scalability and speed of the exploration of chemical space. However, challenges remain, particularly regarding the reproducibility and transferability of ML models. This review highlights the evolution of ML in learning from, complementing, or replacing traditional computational chemistry for energy and property predictions. Starting from models trained entirely on numerical data, a journey set forth toward the ideal model incorporating or learning the physical laws of quantum mechanics. This paper also reviews existing computational methods and ML models and their intertwining, outlines a roadmap for future research, and identifies areas for improvement and innovation. Ultimately, the goal is to develop AI architectures capable of predicting accurate and transferable solutions to the Schrödinger equation, thereby revolutionizing in silico experiments within chemistry and materials science.

Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
OSTI ID:
2439792
Journal Information:
Advanced Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Materials Journal Issue: 30 Vol. 36; ISSN 0935-9648
Publisher:
Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
Germany
Language:
English

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Pushing the frontiers of density functionals by solving the fractional electron problem journal December 2021
Moment Tensor Potentials: A Class of Systematically Improvable Interatomic Potentials journal January 2016
Accurate spin-dependent electron liquid correlation energies for local spin density calculations: a critical analysis journal August 1980
Machine learning potentials for extended systems: a perspective journal July 2021
Polarizable Force Fields for Biomolecular Simulations: Recent Advances and Applications journal May 2019
What Is High-Throughput Virtual Screening? A Perspective from Organic Materials Discovery journal July 2015
Neural Network Potentials: A Concise Overview of Methods journal April 2022
Long Short-Term Memory journal November 1997
Deep Belief Networks Are Compact Universal Approximators journal August 2010
Performance of Firth-and logF-type penalized methods in risk prediction for small or sparse binary data journal February 2017
Scalable training of graph convolutional neural networks for fast and accurate predictions of HOMO-LUMO gap in molecules journal October 2022
Interatomic Potentials from First-Principles Calculations: The Force-Matching Method journal June 1994
Die katalytische Zersetzung des Nitramids und ihre physikalisch-chemische Bedeutung journal January 1924
Climbing the ladder of density functional approximations journal September 2013
Machine-learning potentials for crystal defects journal August 2022
Coupled Cluster Theory in Materials Science journal June 2019
A State-of-the-Art Survey on Deep Learning Theory and Architectures journal March 2019
Tackling Structural Complexity in Li2S-P2S5 Solid-State Electrolytes Using Machine Learning Potentials journal August 2022
Review of multi-fidelity models journal January 2023
Forces are not Enough: Benchmark and Critical Evaluation for Machine Learning Force Fields with Molecular Simulations text January 2022
An Introduction to Neural Networks book January 1995
Solving the Bose–Hubbard Model with Machine Learning journal September 2017
Machine Learning Technique to Find Quantum Many-Body Ground States of Bosons on a Lattice journal January 2018
Method to Solve Quantum Few-Body Problems with Artificial Neural Networks journal July 2018