The formation of an radial edge electric field due to finite ion orbit width effects is the possible root cause of the H-mode edge

Kramer, G. J.; Bortolon, A.; Diallo, A.; Maingi, R.

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ad7275

Title: The formation of an radial edge electric field due to finite ion orbit width effects is the possible root cause of the H-mode edge

Journal Article · 02 September 2024 · Nuclear Fusion

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad7275 · OSTI ID:2439344

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Abstract Full orbit-following simulations of thermal ions show that finite ion-orbit width effects create charge separation near the last closed flux surface (LCFS) which generates a localized radial electric field. Experimentally, edge electric fields are observed in H-mode plasmas and they are necessary for the edge turbulence suppression via the $E \times B$ flow shear mechanism. Confined trapped (and to a lesser extent co-passing) ions near the plasma edge form a positive charge distribution outside the LCFS, while thermal electrons are tied more tightly to field lines owing to their small mass and are poorly confined outside the LCFS, hence charge neutrality is violated outside the LCFS. A large number of reported observations from spherical and conventional tokamaks support the results from the simulations although the simulations were not performed fully self consistently. The results suggest ways to lower the H-mode power threshold and optimize the H-mode plasma edge.

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Research Organization:: General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States); Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-09CH11466; FC02-04ER54698

OSTI ID:: 2439344

Journal Information:: Nuclear Fusion, Journal Name: Nuclear Fusion Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 64; ISSN 0029-5515

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: IAEA

Language:: English

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Role of Zonal Flow Predator-Prey Oscillations in Triggering the Transition to H-Mode Confinement Schmitz, L.; Zeng, L.; Rhodes, T. L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.155002	journal	April 2012
Dynamics of Low-Intermediate–High-Confinement Transitions in Toroidal Plasmas Cheng, J.; Dong, J. Q.; Itoh, K. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.265002	journal	June 2013
Observation of the L − H Confinement Bifurcation Triggered by a Turbulence-Driven Shear Flow in a Tokamak Plasma Yan, Z.; McKee, G. R.; Fonck, R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.125002	journal	March 2014
High Confinement Mode and Edge Localized Mode Characteristics in a Near-Unity Aspect Ratio Tokamak Thome, K. E.; Bongard, M. W.; Barr, J. L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 17, Article No. 175001 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.175001	journal	April 2016
Fast Low-to-High Confinement Mode Bifurcation Dynamics in a Tokamak Edge Plasma Gyrokinetic Simulation Chang, C. S.; Ku, S.; Tynan, G. R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.175001	journal	April 2017
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Achievement of Reactor-Relevant Performance in Negative Triangularity Shape in the DIII-D Tokamak Austin, M. E.; Marinoni, A.; Walker, M. L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.115001	journal	March 2019
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Regime of Improved Confinement and High Beta in Neutral-Beam-Heated Divertor Discharges of the ASDEX Tokamak Wagner, F.; Becker, G.; Behringer, K. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 49, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.1408	journal	November 1982
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