Controlled large-area lithium deposition to reduce swelling of high-energy lithium metal pouch cells in liquid electrolytes

Liu, Dianying; Wu, Bingbin; Xu, Yaobin; Ellis, Jacob F.; Baranovskiy, Arthur Y.; Lu, Dongping; Lochala, Joshua A.; Anderson, Cassidy S.; Baar, Kevin T.; Qu, Deyang; Yang, Jihui; Galvez-Aranda, Diego; Lopez, Katherine-Jaime; Balbuena, Perla B.; Seminario, Jorge M.; Liu, Jun; Xiao, Jie

doi:10.1038/s41560-024-01488-9

Title: Controlled large-area lithium deposition to reduce swelling of high-energy lithium metal pouch cells in liquid electrolytes

Journal Article · 21 March 2024 · Nature Energy

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-024-01488-9 · OSTI ID:2439228

Liu, Dianying ^[1];

^[1];

^[1]; Baranovskiy, Arthur Y. ^[1];

^[1];

^[1]; Baar, Kevin T. ^[1];

^[2];

^[3]; Galvez-Aranda, Diego ^[4]; Lopez, Katherine-Jaime ^[4]; Balbuena, Perla B. ^[4];

^[4];

^[5]

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI (United States)
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)

Lithium (Li) metal battery technology, renowned for its high energy density, faces practical challenges, particularly concerning large volume change and cell swelling. Despite the profound impact of external pressure on cell performance, there is a notable gap in research regarding the interplay between external pressure and the electroplating behaviours of Li+ in large-format pouch cells. Here we delve into the impact of externally applied pressure on electroplating and stripping of Li in 350 Wh kg^–1 pouch cells. Employing a hybrid design, we monitor and quantify self-generated pressures, correlating them with observed charge–discharge processes. A two-stage cycling process is proposed, revealing controlled pouch cell swelling of less than 10%, comparable to state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries. Finally, the pressure distribution across the cell surface unveils a complex Li+ detour behaviour during electroplating, highlighting the need for innovative strategies to address uneven Li plating and enhance Li metal battery technology.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 2439228

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--185424

Journal Information:: Nature Energy, Journal Name: Nature Energy Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 9; ISSN 2058-7546

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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