Applications of emulation and Bayesian methods in heavy-ion physics

Paquet, Jean-François

doi:10.1088/1361-6471/ad6a2b

Title: Applications of emulation and Bayesian methods in heavy-ion physics

Journal Article · 27 August 2024 · Journal of Physics. G, Nuclear and Particle Physics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/ad6a2b · OSTI ID:2438606

Abstract Heavy-ion collisions provide a window into the properties of many-body systems of deconfined quarks and gluons. Understanding the collective properties of quarks and gluons is possible by comparing models of heavy-ion collisions to measurements of the distribution of particles produced at the end of the collisions. These model-to-data comparisons are extremely challenging, however, because of the complexity of the models, the large amount of experimental data, and their uncertainties. Bayesian inference provides a rigorous statistical framework to constrain the properties of nuclear matter by systematically comparing models and measurements. This review covers model emulation and Bayesian methods as applied to model-to-data comparisons in heavy-ion collisions. Replacing the model outputs (observables) with Gaussian process emulators is key to the Bayesian approach currently used in the field, and both current uses of emulators and related recent developments are reviewed. The general principles of Bayesian inference are then discussed along with other Bayesian methods, followed by a systematic comparison of seven recent Bayesian analyses that studied quark-gluon plasma properties, such as the shear and bulk viscosities. The latter comparison is used to illustrate sources of differences in analyses, and what it can teach us for future studies.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Grant/Contract Number:: NONE; FG02-05ER41367

OSTI ID:: 2438606

Journal Information:: Journal of Physics. G, Nuclear and Particle Physics, Journal Name: Journal of Physics. G, Nuclear and Particle Physics Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 51; ISSN 0954-3899

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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