A JWST Survey of the Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A

Milisavljevic, Dan; Temim, Tea; De Looze, Ilse; Dickinson, Danielle; Laming, J. Martin; Fesen, Robert; Raymond, John C.; Arendt, Richard G.; Vink, Jacco; Posselt, Bettina; Pavlov, George G.; Fox, Ori D.; Pinarski, Ethan; Subrayan, Bhagya; Schmidt, Judy; Blair, William P.; Rest, Armin; Patnaude, Daniel; Koo, Bon-Chul; Rho, Jeonghee; Orlando, Salvatore; Janka, Hans-Thomas; Andrews, Moira; Barlow, Michael J.; Burrows, Adam; Chevalier, Roger; Clayton, Geoffrey; Fransson, Claes; Fryer, Christopher Lee; Gomez, Haley L.; Kirchschlager, Florian; Lee, Jae-Joon; Matsuura, Mikako; Niculescu-Duvaz, Maria; Pierel, Justin R.; Plucinsky, Paul P.; Priestley, Felix D.; Ravi, Aravind P.; Sartorio, Nina S.; Schmidt, Franziska; Shahbandeh, Melissa; Slane, Patrick; Smith, Nathan; Sravan, Niharika; Weil, Kathryn; Wesson, Roger; Wheeler, J. Craig

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad324b

Title: A JWST Survey of the Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A

Journal Article · 16 April 2024 · The Astrophysical Journal. Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad324b · OSTI ID:2438506

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Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States)
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
Ghent Univ. (Belgium)
Naval Research Lab. (NRL), Washington, DC (United States)
Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (United States)
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States)
Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD (United States); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
Univ. of Amsterdam (Netherlands); Netherlands Institute for Space Research (Netherlands)
Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom); Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD (United States)
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton, MI (United States)
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States)
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD (United States); Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States)
Seoul National Univ. (Korea, Republic of)
SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA (United States); Seoul National Univ. (Korea, Republic of)
Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) (Italy)
Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Garching (Germany)
Univ. College London (United Kingdom)
Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (United States)
Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA (United States)
Stockholm Univ. (Sweden)
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States); Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States); George Washington Univ., Washington, DC (United States)
Cardiff Univ., Wales (United Kingdom)
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States)
Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)

We present initial results from a James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) survey of the youngest Galactic core-collapse supernova remnant, Cassiopeia A (Cas A), made up of NIRCam and MIRI imaging mosaics that map emission from the main shell, interior, and surrounding circumstellar/interstellar material (CSM/ISM). We also present four exploratory positions of MIRI Medium Resolution Spectrograph integral field unit spectroscopy that sample ejecta, CSM, and associated dust from representative shocked and unshocked regions. Surprising discoveries include (1) a weblike network of unshocked ejecta filaments resolved to ~0.01 pc scales exhibiting an overall morphology consistent with turbulent mixing of cool, low-entropy matter from the progenitor's oxygen layer with hot, high-entropy matter heated by neutrino interactions and radioactivity; (2) a thick sheet of dust-dominated emission from shocked CSM seen in projection toward the remnant's interior pockmarked with small (~1'') round holes formed by ≲0$$^"_•$$1 knots of high-velocity ejecta that have pierced through the CSM and driven expanding tangential shocks; and (3) dozens of light echoes with angular sizes between ~0$$^"_•$$1 and 1' reflecting previously unseen fine-scale structure in the ISM. NIRCam observations place new upper limits on infrared emission (≲20 nJy at 3 μm) from the neutron star in Cas A's center and tightly constrain scenarios involving a possible fallback disk. These JWST survey data and initial findings help address unresolved questions about massive star explosions that have broad implications for the formation and evolution of stellar populations, the metal and dust enrichment of galaxies, and the origin of compact remnant objects.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 2438506

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--23-33966

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal. Letters, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal. Letters Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 965; ISSN 2041-8205

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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THE DISTRIBUTION OF RADIOACTIVE ⁴⁴ Ti IN CASSIOPEIA A Grefenstette, Brian W.; Fryer, Chris L.; Harrison, Fiona A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 834, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/19	journal	December 2016
Near-Infrared Knots and Dense Fe Ejecta in the Cassiopeia A Supernova Remnant Lee, Yong-Hyun; Koo, Bon-Chul; Moon, Dae-Sik The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 837, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa60c0	journal	March 2017
Production and Distribution of ⁴⁴ Ti and ⁵⁶ Ni in a Three-dimensional Supernova Model Resembling Cassiopeia A Wongwathanarat, Annop; Janka, Hans-Thomas; Müller, Ewald The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 842, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa72de	journal	June 2017
Ultraviolet Detection of the Binary Companion to the Type IIb SN 2001ig Ryder, Stuart D.; Dyk, Schuyler D. Van; Fox, Ori D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 856, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaaf1e	journal	March 2018
Discovery of Extended Infrared Emission around the Neutron Star RXJ0806.4–4123 Posselt, B.; Pavlov, G. G.; Ertan, Ü. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad6df	journal	September 2018
Upper Limits on the Rapid Cooling of the Central Compact Object in Cas A Posselt, B.; Pavlov, G. G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 864, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad7fc	journal	September 2018
A Deep Near-infrared [Fe ii]+[Si i] Emission Line Image of the Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A Koo, Bon-Chul; Kim, Hyun-Jeong; Lee, Yong-Hyun The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 866, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae20e	journal	October 2018
LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products Ivezić, Željko; Kahn, Steven M.; Tyson, J. Anthony The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 873, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab042c	journal	March 2019
Matter Mixing in Aspherical Core-collapse Supernovae: Three-dimensional Simulations with Single-star and Binary Merger Progenitor Models for SN 1987A Ono, Masaomi; Nagataki, Shigehiro; Ferrand, Gilles The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 888, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab5dba	journal	January 2020
Titanium and Iron in the Cassiopeia A Supernova Remnant Vance, Gregory S.; Young, Patrick A.; Fryer, Christopher L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 895, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab8ade	journal	May 2020
The Dynamics, Destruction, and Survival of Supernova-formed Dust Grains Slavin, Jonathan D.; Dwek, Eli; Mac Low, Mordecai-Mark The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 902, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abb5a4	journal	October 2020
Element Abundances in the Unshocked Ejecta of Cassiopeia A Laming, J. Martin; Temim, Tea The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 904, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abc1e5	journal	November 2020
Do Central Compact Objects have Carbon Atmospheres? Alford, J. A. J.; Halpern, J. P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 944, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acaf55	journal	February 2023
One Relation for All Wavelengths: The Far-ultraviolet to Mid-infrared Milky Way Spectroscopic R(V)-dependent Dust Extinction Relationship Gordon, Karl D.; Clayton, Geoffrey C.; Decleir, Marjorie The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 950, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/accb59	journal	June 2023
Multimessenger Diagnostics of the Engine behind Core-collapse Supernovae Fryer, Christopher L.; Burns, Eric; Hungerford, Aimee The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 956, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace0c3	journal	October 2023
A 3D Numerical Study of Anisotropies in Supernova Remnants Mandal, Soham; Duffell, Paul C.; Polin, Abigail The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 956, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acf9fb	journal	October 2023
Production of ⁴⁴Ti and Iron-group Nuclei in the Ejecta of 3D Neutrino-driven Supernovae Sieverding, Andre; Kresse, Daniel; Janka, Hans-Thomas The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 957, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad045b	journal	November 2023

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